{
  "schema_version": "0.8.2",
  "dataset_version": "2026.09.18",
  "fields": [
    {
      "id": "destination",
      "label": "Where are you looking to go?",
      "short_label": "Destination",
      "subject": "where you are looking to go",
      "type": "enum",
      "ask_first": true,
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "de",
          "label": "Germany",
          "short": "Germany as your destination"
        },
        {
          "value": "fr",
          "label": "France",
          "short": "France as your destination"
        },
        {
          "value": "es",
          "label": "Spain",
          "short": "Spain as your destination"
        },
        {
          "value": "nl",
          "label": "Netherlands",
          "short": "the Netherlands as your destination"
        },
        {
          "value": "all",
          "label": "Any of these four — show me everything",
          "short": "any of these four as your destination"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "citizenship",
      "label": "Which passport will you apply with?",
      "short_label": "Passport",
      "subject": "the passport you would apply with",
      "type": "enum",
      "options_from": "countries"
    },
    {
      "id": "situation",
      "label": "Which best describes your situation?",
      "short_label": "Situation",
      "subject": "whether you have an offer, a transfer or a hosting agreement",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "path",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "offer",
          "label": "I have (or am about to get) a job offer there",
          "short": "a job offer",
          "means": "An employment contract with an employer {place} itself — including one you already hold — not a transfer to a branch on a contract you hold abroad."
        },
        {
          "value": "ict",
          "label": "My employer is transferring me to a branch there",
          "short": "an intra-corporate transfer",
          "means": "Your contract stays with the company abroad and it moves you to its branch {place}."
        },
        {
          "value": "research",
          "label": "I have (or expect) a hosting agreement with a research institution there",
          "short": "a research hosting agreement"
        },
        {
          "value": "none",
          "label": "None of these yet — exploring my options",
          "short": "no offer, transfer or hosting agreement yet",
          "is_fallback": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "situation_country",
      "label": "Which country is that offer, transfer or agreement in?",
      "short_label": "Offer country",
      "subject": "which country your offer, transfer or agreement is in",
      "type": "enum",
      "is_qualifier": true,
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "de",
          "label": "Germany",
          "short": "your offer, transfer or agreement in Germany"
        },
        {
          "value": "fr",
          "label": "France",
          "short": "your offer, transfer or agreement in France"
        },
        {
          "value": "es",
          "label": "Spain",
          "short": "your offer, transfer or agreement in Spain"
        },
        {
          "value": "nl",
          "label": "Netherlands",
          "short": "your offer, transfer or agreement in the Netherlands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "qualification",
      "label": "Your highest completed qualification?",
      "short_label": "Qualification",
      "subject": "your highest completed qualification",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "none",
          "label": "No completed qualification",
          "short": "no completed qualification"
        },
        {
          "value": "vocational",
          "label": "Vocational training, 2+ years (state-recognised where completed)",
          "short": "vocational training of 2+ years"
        },
        {
          "value": "degree",
          "label": "University degree",
          "short": "a university degree"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "qualification_recent",
      "label": "Did you graduate, take your doctorate, or did a research permit end, within the last 3 years?",
      "short_label": "Qualification date",
      "subject": "whether your qualification is from the last 3 years",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "improvable",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a qualification from the last 3 years"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "a qualification older than 3 years"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "recognition_de",
      "label": "Where does German recognition of your qualification stand?",
      "short_label": "German recognition",
      "subject": "whether Germany recognises your qualification",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "improvable",
      "learn": {
        "label": "Check your degree in the official Anabin database",
        "url": "https://anabin.kmk.org/anabin.html"
      },
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "recognized",
          "label": "Fully recognised (or a German qualification)",
          "short": "full German recognition"
        },
        {
          "value": "partial",
          "label": "Assessed as partial — additional measures required",
          "short": "a partial recognition decision"
        },
        {
          "value": "not_yet",
          "label": "Not assessed / not recognised",
          "short": "a qualification that is not assessed or not recognised in Germany"
        },
        {
          "value": "unknown",
          "label": "I don't know",
          "is_unknown": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "experience_5y",
      "label": "Related skilled work experience in the last five years?",
      "short_label": "Experience (last 5 years)",
      "subject": "your related experience in the last five years",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "improvable",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "lt2",
          "label": "Under 2 years",
          "short": "under 2 years of related experience in the last five"
        },
        {
          "value": "2plus",
          "label": "2 years or more",
          "short": "2+ years of related experience in the last five"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "experience_7y",
      "label": "And in the last seven years?",
      "short_label": "Experience (last 7 years)",
      "subject": "your related experience in the last seven years",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "improvable",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "lt3",
          "label": "Under 3 years",
          "short": "under 3 years of related experience in the last seven"
        },
        {
          "value": "3to5",
          "label": "3 to under 5 years",
          "short": "3 to under 5 years of related experience in the last seven"
        },
        {
          "value": "5plus",
          "label": "5 years or more",
          "short": "5+ years of related experience in the last seven"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "occupation_shortage",
      "label": "Is your occupation on Germany's shortage list (IT, engineering, health…)?",
      "short_label": "Shortage list",
      "subject": "whether your occupation is on Germany's shortage list",
      "type": "enum",
      "learn": {
        "label": "Check the shortage groups in section 18g of the Residence Act (ISCO-08 codes 132, 133, 134, 21, 221, 222, 225, 226, 23, 25)",
        "url": "https://www.buzer.de/18g_AufenthG.htm"
      },
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "an occupation on Germany's shortage list"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "an occupation that is not on Germany's shortage list"
        },
        {
          "value": "unknown",
          "label": "I don't know",
          "is_unknown": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "occupation_it",
      "label": "Is your work in information or communications technology?",
      "short_label": "IT work",
      "subject": "whether your work is in information technology",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "work in information technology"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "work outside information technology"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "salary_eur_year",
      "label": "Gross yearly salary for the job you would do there?",
      "short_label": "Yearly salary",
      "unknown_label": "Doesn't apply to me, or I don't know",
      "subject": "the yearly salary for the job you would do",
      "type": "money_band",
      "period": "year",
      "kind": "improvable"
    },
    {
      "id": "salary_eur_month",
      "label": "Gross monthly salary for the job you would do there (or monthly income you could show)?",
      "short_label": "Monthly salary",
      "unknown_label": "Doesn't apply to me, or I don't know",
      "subject": "the monthly salary for the job you would do",
      "type": "money_band",
      "period": "month",
      "kind": "improvable"
    },
    {
      "id": "fr_degree",
      "label": "Did you obtain a master's-level degree (or a Grandes Écoles level-1 diploma) in France?",
      "short_label": "French degree",
      "subject": "whether you earned a master's-level degree in France",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a French master's-level degree"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "no master's-level degree from France"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "fr_innovative_employer",
      "label": "Is the French employer a recognised innovative company (jeune entreprise innovante, or recognised by the ministry of the economy)?",
      "short_label": "Innovative employer",
      "subject": "whether France recognises your employer as an innovative company",
      "type": "enum",
      "learn": {
        "label": "See the talent card's innovative-company route on service-public.fr",
        "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922"
      },
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "an employer France recognises as innovative"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "an employer France does not recognise as innovative"
        },
        {
          "value": "unknown",
          "label": "I don't know",
          "is_unknown": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "fr_local_contract",
      "label": "Will you have an employment contract with the French entity you are moving to (not only with your employer abroad)?",
      "short_label": "French contract",
      "subject": "whether your contract will be with the French entity",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a contract with the French entity"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "no contract with the French entity"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "nl_recent_grad",
      "label": "In the last 3 years, did you graduate from — or do research at — a Dutch university or research institution?",
      "short_label": "Dutch degree",
      "subject": "whether you graduated from — or did research at — a Dutch institution in the last 3 years",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a degree from a Dutch university or research institution, from the last 3 years"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "no Dutch degree from the last 3 years"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "top200_grad",
      "label": "In the last 3 years, did you graduate from a foreign institution that the Dutch immigration service (IND) designates for its orientation year?",
      "short_label": "Designated institution",
      "subject": "whether your foreign institution is one the Dutch immigration service designates",
      "type": "enum",
      "learn": {
        "label": "See the designated foreign institutions on the orientation-year page of the Dutch immigration service (IND)",
        "url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year"
      },
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a degree from a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "no degree from a designated foreign institution"
        },
        {
          "value": "unknown",
          "label": "I don't know",
          "is_unknown": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "german",
      "label": "Your German level?",
      "short_label": "German",
      "subject": "your German level",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "improvable",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "none",
          "label": "None / below A1",
          "short": "German below A1",
          "is_fallback": true
        },
        {
          "value": "a1",
          "label": "A1",
          "short": "German at A1 (beginner)"
        },
        {
          "value": "a2",
          "label": "A2",
          "short": "German at A2 (elementary)"
        },
        {
          "value": "b1",
          "label": "B1",
          "short": "German at B1 (intermediate)"
        },
        {
          "value": "b2plus",
          "label": "B2 or higher",
          "short": "German at B2 (upper intermediate) or higher"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "english",
      "label": "Your English level?",
      "short_label": "English",
      "subject": "your English level",
      "type": "enum",
      "kind": "improvable",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "none",
          "label": "Below B2",
          "short": "English below B2",
          "is_fallback": true
        },
        {
          "value": "b2",
          "label": "B2",
          "short": "English at B2 (upper intermediate)"
        },
        {
          "value": "c1",
          "label": "C1 or higher",
          "short": "English at C1 (advanced) or higher"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "age_band",
      "label": "Your age?",
      "short_label": "Age",
      "subject": "your age",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "u30",
          "label": "Under 30",
          "short": "an age under 30"
        },
        {
          "value": "a30to35",
          "label": "30 – 35",
          "short": "an age of 30 to 35"
        },
        {
          "value": "a35to40",
          "label": "36 – 40",
          "short": "an age of 36 to 40"
        },
        {
          "value": "o40",
          "label": "Over 40",
          "short": "an age over 40"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "de_stay6m",
      "label": "Lawful, uninterrupted stay of 6+ months in Germany during the last 5 years? (Schengen short visits don't count)",
      "short_label": "Stay in Germany",
      "subject": "whether you have already had a lawful stay of six months or more in Germany",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a lawful stay of six months or more in Germany in the last five years"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "no lawful stay of six months or more in Germany"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "partner_ck",
      "label": "Is your spouse or partner also applying for (and eligible for) an Opportunity Card?",
      "short_label": "Partner applying too",
      "subject": "whether your partner is also applying for an Opportunity Card",
      "type": "enum",
      "options": [
        {
          "value": "yes",
          "label": "Yes",
          "short": "a partner applying for an Opportunity Card too"
        },
        {
          "value": "no",
          "label": "No",
          "short": "no partner applying for an Opportunity Card"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "funds_eur_month",
      "label": "Monthly money you could show for living costs (a blocked bank account, or a formal sponsorship undertaking)?",
      "short_label": "Monthly funds",
      "unknown_label": "Doesn't apply to me, or I don't know",
      "subject": "the monthly money you could show for living costs",
      "type": "money_band",
      "period": "month",
      "kind": "improvable"
    }
  ],
  "contradictions": [
    {
      "id": "graduated-without-a-qualification",
      "when": [
        {
          "field": "qualification",
          "in": [
            "none"
          ]
        },
        {
          "field": "nl_recent_grad",
          "in": [
            "yes"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "say": "You told us you have no completed qualification, and also that you graduated from a Dutch institution in the last three years. Both cannot be true. The rules read each answer where it applies, so change whichever one is wrong before you rely on what is below."
    },
    {
      "id": "designated-graduate-without-a-qualification",
      "when": [
        {
          "field": "qualification",
          "in": [
            "none"
          ]
        },
        {
          "field": "top200_grad",
          "in": [
            "yes"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "say": "You told us you have no completed qualification, and also that you graduated from an institution the Dutch immigration service designates. Both cannot be true. The rules read each answer where it applies, so change whichever one is wrong before you rely on what is below."
    }
  ],
  "notices": [
    {
      "id": "eu-free-movement",
      "when": {
        "field": "citizenship",
        "op": "eq",
        "value": "eu_eea_ch"
      },
      "kind": "no-permit-needed",
      "title": "No work permit needed",
      "body": "Citizens of the EU, of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, and of Switzerland, can live and work in Germany, France, Spain and the Netherlands under free movement — the routes on this site are for other passports. Check registration rules after arrival (e.g. Anmeldung in Germany).",
      "source": {
        "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/work-permits/index_en.htm",
        "quote": "As an EU national you generally don't need a work permit to work anywhere in the EU.",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-03",
        "legal_basis": "TFEU art. 45 (free movement of workers) — Your Europe",
        "history": []
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/eu-eea-or-swiss-citizens/staying-in-the-netherlands-as-an-eu-eea-or-swiss-citizen",
          "quote": "Nationals of the member states of the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland have the same rights as citizens of the Union.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17",
          "legal_basis": "EEA Agreement art. 28 — IND",
          "history": []
        },
        {
          "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/work-permits/index_en.htm",
          "quote": "Under the EU-Switzerland agreement on the free movement of persons, Swiss nationals are free to live and work in the EU.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-17",
          "legal_basis": "EU–Switzerland Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (1999) — Your Europe",
          "history": []
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tr-ankara-rights",
      "when": {
        "field": "citizenship",
        "op": "eq",
        "value": "TR"
      },
      "kind": "extra-rights",
      "title": "Türkiye: extra rights once you are legally employed",
      "body": "Your route options are the same as for any other non-EU passport: the EU–Türkiye agreement adds rights once you are legally working, rather than a separate way in. Where an authority states that its own requirements differ for Turkish citizens, that route's card says so.",
      "source": {
        "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/work-permits/index_en.htm",
        "quote": "As a national of Türkiye, your rights to live and work in an EU country depend entirely on the national rules of that country. When employed legally in the EU, you enjoy the same working conditions as the nationals of that country and you have the following rights: after one year's legal employment you are entitled to a renewal of your work permit for the same employer if a job is available after three years' legal employment you may change employers and respond to any other employment offer within the same professional qualifications after four years' legal employment you enjoy full access to any paid employment in that EU country.",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
        "legal_basis": "EEC–Turkey Association Agreement, Decision 1/80 art. 6 — Your Europe",
        "history": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "fr-dz-talent-open-question",
      "when": {
        "field": "citizenship",
        "op": "eq",
        "value": "DZ"
      },
      "kind": "open-question",
      "title": "Algeria: France applies a different agreement to you",
      "body": "For Algerian nationals, France applies the agreement of 27 December 1968 instead of its own immigration code — the Conseil d'État said so, in a case about a shopkeeper's permit rather than a talent card. The page France sends an Algerian reader to offers a one-year certificat de résidence: no passeport talent, no EU Blue Card. Against that, the EU directive behind the Blue Card covers third-country nationals and names no exception. We searched the official sites on 2026-09-10 and found no page that settles it — so we do not guess. The four routes below are shown with their rules, and whether they are open to your passport is not something this site can tell you.",
      "source": {
        "source_url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/ceta/id/CETATEXT000053612496",
        "quote": "Il suit de là que les dispositions du code de l'entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit d'asile qui sont relatives aux différents titres de séjour qui peuvent être délivrés aux étrangers en général et aux conditions de leur délivrance, ne sont pas applicables aux ressortissants algériens, lesquels relèvent à cet égard des règles fixées par l'accord précité.",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
        "legal_basis": "Conseil d'État, 2e et 7e chambres réunies, 2 mars 2026, n° 500835",
        "history": []
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2215",
          "quote": "Le certificat de résidence portera la mention salarié.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
          "legal_basis": "Fiche F2215 — Certificat de résidence d'1 an pour Algérien",
          "history": []
        },
        {
          "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021L1883",
          "quote": "This Directive applies to third-country nationals who apply to be admitted, or who have been admitted, to the territory of a Member State for the purpose of highly qualified employment under this Directive.",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
          "legal_basis": "Directive (EU) 2021/1883, Article 3(1) — Scope",
          "history": []
        }
      ],
      "learn": {
        "label": "Read the page for Algerian nationals (certificat de résidence d'un an)",
        "url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2215"
      },
      "routes": [
        "fr-talent-qualifie",
        "fr-talent-blue-card",
        "fr-talent-innovante",
        "fr-talent-mission"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "countries": [
    {
      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Germany",
      "routes": [
        {
          "id": "de-blue-card-shortage",
          "name": "EU Blue Card — shortage occupation",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A lower salary threshold, for occupations on Germany's shortage list — IT, engineering, health and others.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Migrathek/BlaueKarteEU/blauekarteeu-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides the shortage-occupation Blue Card is a question you answer, including whether the occupation is on Germany's list; the two conditions the authority states — the six-month job offer, and the licence where the profession is regulated — are listed with the rules below and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "job-offer-of-at-least-six-months",
              "licence-for-a-regulated-profession"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "qualification",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "degree"
            },
            {
              "field": "recognition_de",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "recognized"
            },
            {
              "field": "occupation_shortage",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "yes"
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "lower amount for shortage occupations",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 45934.2,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                "quote": "Personen mit einem Mangelberuf und Berufseinsteigende können die Blaue Karte EU auch mit einem geringeren Bruttojahresgehalt beantragen, welches 2026 45.934,20 Euro beträgt.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                "legal_basis": "§ 18g AufenthG",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "job-offer-of-at-least-six-months",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A concrete job offer from an employer in Germany, for work of at least six months",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                "quote": "Eine weitere Voraussetzung für die Blaue Karte EU ist ein konkretes Stellenangebot von einem Arbeitgeber in Deutschland mit einer Beschäftigungsdauer von mindestens sechs Monaten.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 18g AufenthG"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "licence-for-a-regulated-profession",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If your profession is regulated, the licence to practise it must already be in hand",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                "quote": "Handelt es sich um einen reglementierten Beruf, muss zusätzlich eine Berufsausübungserlaubnis vorliegen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 18g AufenthG"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-blue-card-general",
          "name": "EU Blue Card — general",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "The standard EU Blue Card: a recognised university degree and a salary above the general threshold, in any qualified job.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Migrathek/BlaueKarteEU/blauekarteeu-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides the general Blue Card is a question you answer, the salary included; two conditions the authority states — the job offer of at least six months, and the licence where the profession is regulated — are listed with the rules below and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "job-offer-of-at-least-six-months",
              "licence-for-a-regulated-profession"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "qualification",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "degree"
            },
            {
              "field": "recognition_de",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "recognized"
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "standard amount",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 50700,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                "quote": "Für die „große“ Blaue Karte EU muss ein Mindestbruttojahresgehalt erreicht werden, welches im Jahr 2026 50.700 Euro beträgt.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-08",
                "legal_basis": "§ 18g AufenthG",
                "history": [
                  {
                    "amount": 50700,
                    "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                    "quote": "Für die „große“ Blaue Karte EU muss ein Mindestbruttojahresgehalt erreicht werden, welches im Jahr 2026 50.700 Euro beträgt.",
                    "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                    "reason": "re-read-unchanged",
                    "checked_at": "2026-09-08"
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "job-offer-of-at-least-six-months",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A concrete job offer from an employer in Germany, for work of at least six months",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                "quote": "Eine weitere Voraussetzung für die Blaue Karte EU ist ein konkretes Stellenangebot von einem Arbeitgeber in Deutschland mit einer Beschäftigungsdauer von mindestens sechs Monaten.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 18g AufenthG"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "licence-for-a-regulated-profession",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If your profession is regulated, the licence to practise it must already be in hand",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/03-2026/blaue-karte",
                "quote": "Handelt es sich um einen reglementierten Beruf, muss zusätzlich eine Berufsausübungserlaubnis vorliegen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 18g AufenthG"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-skilled-academic",
          "name": "Skilled worker — academic (§ 18b)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Your university degree is recognised in Germany and the job matches it. There is no salary threshold — but from age 45 an extra salary requirement applies, or proof of pension provision.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Hochschulabsolvent/hochschulabsolvent-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; one condition the authority states — that the job can be done with the qualification you hold — is listed with the rules below and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "a-job-the-degree-can-do"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "qualification",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "degree"
            },
            {
              "field": "recognition_de",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "recognized",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Hochschulabsolvent/hochschulabsolvent-node.html",
                "quote": "Proof of a German or recognised foreign university degree or a foreign university degree which is comparable to a German university degree",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "a-job-the-degree-can-do",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A job that can be done with the university qualification you hold",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Hochschulabsolvent/hochschulabsolvent-node.html",
                "quote": "Presentation of a concrete job offer or an employment contract for a job that can be performed with this academic qualification.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-skilled-vocational",
          "name": "Skilled worker — vocational (§ 18a)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Your vocational training is recognised in Germany and you have a job offer that matches it. There is no salary threshold — but from age 45 an extra salary requirement applies.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Fachkraft/fachkraft-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; two things no page we watch states for this route — how much German the job itself needs, and enough income and health cover to live here — are shown below as our own reading and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "german-for-the-job-is-our-expectation",
              "livelihood-and-health-cover-are-our-expectation"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "qualification",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "vocational"
            },
            {
              "field": "recognition_de",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "recognized",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Fachkraft/fachkraft-node.html",
                "quote": "vocational qualifications acquired abroad which are equivalent to qualified German vocational training",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "german-for-the-job-is-our-expectation",
              "text": "How much German you need depends on the job itself. The page we watch states that condition for Germany’s job-seeking permit, not for this route, so it is our expectation and not the authority’s words."
            },
            {
              "id": "livelihood-and-health-cover-are-our-expectation",
              "text": "You will also need enough income to live on without state support, and health cover; the salary from the job normally covers both. No page we watch states either condition for this route."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-experienced-worker",
          "name": "Experienced worker (§ 19c / § 6 BeschV)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "No German recognition needed: two years of recent skilled work in the last five, plus either a qualification your home country officially recognises, or experience in IT.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/FachkraefteOhneAusbildung/fachkraefte-ohne-ausbildung-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the recognition your own country must give the qualification is listed with the rules below and never asked, and the collective-agreement exception the authority mentions is not asked either.",
            "not_asked": [
              "salary-set-aside-under-a-collective-agreement",
              "qualification-recognised-where-it-was-earned"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "experience_5y",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "2plus",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/04-2026/berufserfahrene",
                "quote": "Innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahren muss eine mindestens zweijährige, einschlägige Berufserfahrung auf dem Niveau einer Fachkraft gesammelt worden sein.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "history": [
                  {
                    "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                    "quote": "Innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahren muss eine mindestens zweijährige, einschlägige Berufserfahrung auf dem Niveau einer Fachkraft gesammelt worden sein.",
                    "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/04-2026/berufserfahrene",
                    "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                    "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                    "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience in [y2in5, y5in7] before, experience_5y eq 2plus after."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "qualification or IT experience",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "state-recognised qualification",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "vocational",
                        "degree"
                      ],
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/6_BeschV.htm",
                        "quote": "eine ausländische Berufsqualifikation, die von dem Staat, in dem sie erworben wurde, staatlich anerkannt ist und deren Erlangung eine Ausbildungsdauer von mindestens zwei Jahren vorausgesetzt hat",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "legal_basis": "§ 6 Abs. 1 Satz 1 Nr. 3 Buchst. a BeschV"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "IT specialist",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "occupation_it",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "yes",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/6_BeschV.htm",
                        "quote": "In Berufen auf dem Gebiet der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie findet Satz 1 Nummer 3 keine Anwendung.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "legal_basis": "§ 6 Abs. 1 Satz 3 BeschV"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "45% of the German pension contribution ceiling",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 45630,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/04-2026/berufserfahrene",
                "quote": "mind. 45.630 Euro im Jahr 2026",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "§ 6 BeschV (45% der Beitragsbemessungsgrenze)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "salary-set-aside-under-a-collective-agreement",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The salary threshold can be set aside if your employer is bound by a collective wage agreement and employs you on its agreed terms — we do not ask about collective agreements.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/04-2026/berufserfahrene",
                "quote": "Von der Gehaltsschwelle kann nur abgewichen werden, wenn der Arbeitgeber tarifgebunden im Sinne des §§ 3 und 5 Tarifvertragsgesetz (TVG) ist und die Beschäftigung zu den geltenden tariflichen Bedingungen erfolgt.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "§ 6 Beschäftigungsverordnung — collective-agreement exception (§§ 3, 5 Tarifvertragsgesetz)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "qualification-recognised-where-it-was-earned",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your qualification must be officially recognised in the country where you earned it",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/vor-ort/zav/working-and-living-in-germany/newsletter-iss/04-2026/berufserfahrene",
                "quote": "Die Qualifikation muss in dem Staat, in dem sie erworben wurde, staatlich anerkannt sein.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 6 BeschV"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-researcher",
          "name": "Researcher (§ 18d)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A research institution — from a university to a company's research department — has agreed to host you and to cover the costs. The permit runs for at least a year, and you may stay 18 months afterwards to look for work.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Wissenschaftler/wissenschaftler-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "every-deciding-rule-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the hosting agreement with a research facility is the situation you declare, and the page states it in the authority's words beside your answer.",
            "not_asked": []
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "research",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Wissenschaftler/wissenschaftler-node.html",
                "quote": "concluded a hosting agreement or corresponding contract with a research facility to carry out a research project",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "agreement in Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "hosting-agreement-with-a-research-facility",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A hosting agreement — the formal agreement a research institution signs to take you on — or an equivalent contract, concluded with a research facility for a research project",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/Wissenschaftler/wissenschaftler-node.html",
                "quote": "you will need to have concluded a hosting agreement or corresponding contract with a research facility to carry out a research project",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Section 18d of the Residence Act"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-ict-card",
          "name": "ICT Card — a transfer within your company (§ 19)",
          "slug": "ict-card-intra-corporate-transfer",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Your company moves you to its German branch for more than 90 days, as a manager, specialist or trainee. Up to three years, or one year for trainees.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/ICT/ict-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; two conditions the authority states — the transfer of more than ninety days in a manager, specialist or trainee role, and the six months already with the company — are listed with the rules below and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "transfer-longer-than-ninety-days",
              "six-months-with-the-company-before-the-transfer"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "ict",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/ICT/ict-node.html",
                "quote": "you have been employed by the undertaking or group of undertakings for at least six months",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Germany",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Germany chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "transfer to Germany",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "de"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "transfer-longer-than-ninety-days",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A transfer of more than 90 days, in a manager, specialist or trainee role",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/ICT/ict-node.html",
                "quote": "the intra-corporate transfer is to last longer than 90 days",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "six-months-with-the-company-before-the-transfer",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "At least six months already employed by the company or group, and still with it throughout the transfer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/ICT/ict-node.html",
                "quote": "you have been employed by the undertaking or group of undertakings for at least six months, and belong to the undertaking uninterruptedly for the period of the transfer,",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-chancenkarte",
          "name": "Opportunity Card (Chancenkarte, § 20a)",
          "kind": "seek",
          "summary": "A one-year card to come and look for work, with part-time work of up to 20 hours a week. If your qualification is fully recognised in Germany you get it directly; otherwise you need six points from the official table. Having an offer does not stop you applying — but with an offer the work routes may fit you directly, so compare them.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/EN/2024/05/chancenkarte.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "every-deciding-rule-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer, the points included. What the card lets you do once you hold it — the weekly hour limit — sits beside the rules below, and it is a limit on the card rather than a condition of getting it, so nothing this route turns on goes unasked.",
            "not_asked": []
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "de",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "qualification",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "vocational",
                "degree"
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://kairo.diplo.de/resource/blob/2664804/5e952d2720a91e83a475a3e02452f1cf/250122-deu-merkblatt-chancenkarte-data.pdf",
                "quote": "einen ausländischen Hochschulabschluss, einen mindestens zweijährigen Berufsabschluss (jeweils im Ausbildungsstaat staatlich anerkannt)",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "a language to start with",
              "short_reason": "German at A1 (beginner) or better, or English at B2 (upper intermediate) or better",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "German A1+",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "german",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "a1",
                        "a2",
                        "b1",
                        "b2plus"
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "English B2+",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "english",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "b2",
                        "c1"
                      ]
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/20a_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "der Ausländer a) mindestens einfache deutsche Sprachkenntnisse nachweist oder b) englische Sprachkenntnisse mindestens auf dem Niveau B2 des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens für Sprachen nachweist.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 20a Abs. 1 Satz 3 Nr. 2 AufenthG"
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "funds_eur_month",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "living costs",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 1091,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://kairo.diplo.de/resource/blob/2664804/5e952d2720a91e83a475a3e02452f1cf/250122-deu-merkblatt-chancenkarte-data.pdf",
                "quote": "Für den Aufenthalt in Deutschland müssen Ihnen monatlich mindestens 1.091 Euro zur Verfügung stehen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "§ 20a AufenthG (Lebensunterhalt)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "a recognised qualification, or points",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "fully recognised (direct)",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "recognition_de",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "recognized",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/20a_AufenthG.htm",
                        "quote": "Die Chancenkarte kann einem Ausländer erteilt werden, wenn 1. er eine Fachkraft ist",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "legal_basis": "§ 20a Abs. 3 Nr. 1 AufenthG"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "points route",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "op": "points",
                      "required": {
                        "value": 6,
                        "unit": "points",
                        "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/Anlage_AufenthG.htm",
                        "quote": "Die Mindestpunktzahl beträgt sechs Punkte.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                        "legal_basis": "Anlage zu § 20a Abs. 3 Nr. 2, § 20b AufenthG",
                        "history": []
                      },
                      "table": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/Anlage_AufenthG.htm",
                        "quote": "Die Mindestpunktzahl beträgt sechs Punkte.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                        "legal_basis": "§ 20b AufenthG + Anlage",
                        "items": [
                          {
                            "field": "recognition_de",
                            "points": {
                              "partial": 4
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "field": "german",
                            "points": {
                              "a2": 1,
                              "b1": 2,
                              "b2plus": 3
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "field": "english",
                            "points": {
                              "c1": 1
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "rows": [
                              {
                                "field": "experience_5y",
                                "value": "2plus",
                                "points": 2
                              },
                              {
                                "field": "experience_7y",
                                "value": "5plus",
                                "points": 3
                              }
                            ]
                          },
                          {
                            "field": "occupation_shortage",
                            "points": {
                              "yes": 1
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "field": "age_band",
                            "points": {
                              "u30": 2,
                              "a30to35": 2,
                              "a35to40": 1
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "field": "de_stay6m",
                            "points": {
                              "yes": 1
                            }
                          },
                          {
                            "field": "partner_ck",
                            "points": {
                              "yes": 1
                            }
                          }
                        ],
                        "history": [
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                            "quote": "Die Mindestpunktzahl beträgt sechs Punkte.",
                            "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/Anlage_AufenthG.htm",
                            "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): the experience item read {field: experience, points: {y2in5: 2, y5in7: 3}} before; after, one item with two rows — experience_5y = 2plus for 2 points (§ 20b Abs. 1 Nr. 7) and experience_7y = 5plus for 3 points (Nr. 6) — one item, so the reader scores the higher row and never the sum."
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "work-limited-to-twenty-hours",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The card allows work of up to 20 hours a week on average, plus trial work of up to two weeks at a time. That is a limit on what it lets you do, not a condition of getting it — weigh it against a work route with a full-time job.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/20a_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Die Chancenkarte berechtigt nur dazu, 1. eine Beschäftigung von durchschnittlich insgesamt höchstens 20 Stunden je Woche auszuüben und 2. eine Probebeschäftigung für jeweils höchstens zwei Wochen auszuüben",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "§ 20a Absatz 2 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "de-selbstaendige-taetigkeit",
          "name": "Self-employment and freelance work (§ 21)",
          "kind": "self-employed",
          "summary": "One section of the Residence Act holding two routes: a residence permit for running a business, and an easier one for the liberal professions — doctor, interpreter, artist, writer, architect.",
          "info_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/SelbstaendigeTaetigkeit/selbstaendigetaetigkeit-node.html",
          "scope": {
            "value": "rules-quoted-nothing-asked",
            "reason": "This route is not scored, and nothing below asks you anything. The permit is granted on an assessment of your business plan — how sound the idea is, what you have run before, how much capital you are putting in, what it does for jobs and training, and what it adds to innovation and research — weighed together with the local chambers, the trade authorities and the professional bodies. Five judgements and a committee are not something a form can reach, so we state what the statute says, in its own words, with the day we read it.",
            "not_asked": [
              "an-economic-interest-and-secured-financing",
              "the-assessment-weighs-five-things",
              "the-chambers-and-professional-bodies-are-consulted",
              "a-business-plan-is-what-is-examined",
              "over-forty-five-needs-old-age-provision",
              "at-most-three-years",
              "graduates-and-researchers-are-judged-differently",
              "freelance-work-is-granted-on-its-own-terms",
              "a-treaty-of-reciprocity-can-open-it",
              "nothing-here-is-a-fact-about-you"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "an-economic-interest-and-secured-financing",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A permit for self-employment may be granted where there is an economic interest or a regional need, where the activity is expected to have positive effects on the economy, and where the financing is secured by your own capital or by a credit commitment.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Einem Ausländer kann eine Aufenthaltserlaubnis zur Ausübung einer selbständigen Tätigkeit erteilt werden, wenn 1. ein wirtschaftliches Interesse oder ein regionales Bedürfnis besteht, 2. die Tätigkeit positive Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft erwarten lässt und 3. die Finanzierung der Umsetzung durch Eigenkapital oder durch eine Kreditzusage gesichert ist.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 1 Satz 1 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-assessment-weighs-five-things",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Whether those conditions are met is assessed on the viability of the business idea behind them, your entrepreneurial experience, the amount of capital committed, the effect on employment and training, and the contribution to innovation and research.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Die Beurteilung der Voraussetzungen nach Satz 1 richtet sich insbesondere nach der Tragfähigkeit der zu Grunde liegenden Geschäftsidee, den unternehmerischen Erfahrungen des Ausländers, der Höhe des Kapitaleinsatzes, den Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigungs- und Ausbildungssituation und dem Beitrag für Innovation und Forschung.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 1 Satz 2 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-chambers-and-professional-bodies-are-consulted",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The bodies with expertise where you plan to work take part in the decision: the chambers, the trade authorities, the public-law professional associations and the authorities that license the profession.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Bei der Prüfung sind die für den Ort der geplanten Tätigkeit fachkundigen Körperschaften, die zuständigen Gewerbebehörden, die öffentlich-rechtlichen Berufsvertretungen und die für die Berufszulassung zuständigen Behörden zu beteiligen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 1 Satz 3 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-business-plan-is-what-is-examined",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "What is examined, and what it is examined from: a business plan, submitted with the application, showing the idea, the experience, the capital, the regional effect on jobs and training, and the contribution to innovation and research.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/MigrationAufenthalt/ZuwandererDrittstaaten/Arbeit/SelbstaendigeTaetigkeit/selbstaendigetaetigkeit-node.html",
                "quote": "The following criteria in particular will be examined by reference to an informative and meaningful business plan, which you must submit when applying for the residence title: the sustainability of your business idea, your business experience, the amount of capital which you propose to invest, the regional impact with regard to employment and training, and the contribution which your enterprise can make to innovation and research.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Federal Office for Migration and Refugees — Self-employment and freelancing",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "over-forty-five-needs-old-age-provision",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If you are over 45, the permit should only be granted where you have adequate provision for old age.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Ausländern, die älter sind als 45 Jahre, soll die Aufenthaltserlaubnis nur erteilt werden, wenn sie über eine angemessene Altersversorgung verfügen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 3 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "at-most-three-years",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The permit is granted for three years at most.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Die Aufenthaltserlaubnis wird auf längstens drei Jahre befristet.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 4 Satz 1 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "graduates-and-researchers-are-judged-differently",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Graduates of German higher-education institutions, and holders of a researcher or scientist permit, are not put through the economic-interest and financing test — but the intended activity has to show a connection to what they studied or researched.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Die beabsichtigte selbständige Tätigkeit muss einen Zusammenhang mit den in der Hochschulausbildung erworbenen Kenntnissen oder der Tätigkeit als Forscher oder Wissenschaftler erkennen lassen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 2a Satz 2 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "freelance-work-is-granted-on-its-own-terms",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "A permit for freelance work in a liberal profession is granted outside the test above, but any licence the profession needs must already have been granted or promised.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Eine erforderliche Erlaubnis zur Ausübung des freien Berufes muss erteilt worden oder ihre Erteilung zugesagt sein.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 5 Satz 2 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-treaty-of-reciprocity-can-open-it",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The permit may also be granted where a treaty gives reciprocal advantages under international law.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.buzer.de/21_AufenthG.htm",
                "quote": "Eine Aufenthaltserlaubnis zur Ausübung einer selbständigen Tätigkeit kann auch erteilt werden, wenn völkerrechtliche Vergünstigungen auf der Grundlage der Gegenseitigkeit bestehen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "§ 21 Abs. 2 AufenthG (consolidated mirror, buzer.de)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "nothing-here-is-a-fact-about-you",
              "text": "Every limb of this route is a judgement about a plan and a business, reached with bodies outside the immigration office. There is no answer you could give us that would settle any of them, which is why this page states the rules and offers no verdict."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France",
      "routes": [
        {
          "id": "fr-talent-qualifie",
          "name": "Talent — qualified employee (salarié qualifié)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "For people who earned a master's-level degree in France and have a contract of more than three months. The card lasts as long as the contract, up to four years, and the job does not have to be advertised first.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the contract of more than three months is covered by the situation question you answer, and which card fits a degree earned outside France is our own reading, not the authority's words.",
            "not_asked": [
              "foreign-degrees-belong-on-the-blue-card"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "fr",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail de plus de 3 mois",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — salarié qualifié"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in France",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "France chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in France",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "qualification",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "degree"
            },
            {
              "field": "fr_degree",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "yes",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir obtenu en France un diplôme au moins équivalent au master",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — salarié qualifié"
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "talent salarié qualifié",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 39582,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail de plus de 3 mois qui prévoit une rémunération brute annuelle supérieure ou égale à 39 582 €.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "CESEDA — carte de séjour talent (fiche F16922)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "foreign-degrees-belong-on-the-blue-card",
              "text": "This is France's track for people who studied in France. With a degree from anywhere else, the European Blue Card is the card that fits — its own page on this site."
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "employment-contract-of-more-than-three-months",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "An employment contract of more than three months",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail de plus de 3 mois",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-talent-blue-card",
          "name": "EU Blue Card (talent — carte bleue européenne)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A contract of at least six months, plus a higher-education diploma of three years or more — or five years of comparable experience. Up to four years, and the job does not have to be advertised first.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the six-month contract is covered by the situation question you answer, and the shorter experience France allows for some listed professions is not checked here — this page judges you on the general rule. The five years of experience it accepts instead of a diploma have no window, so your answer about the last seven years stands in for them.",
            "not_asked": [
              "listed-professions-not-modelled",
              "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "fr",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail de 6 mois minimum",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — carte bleue européenne"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in France",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "France chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in France",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "diploma or experience",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "3-year higher-education diploma",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "degree"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "5 years of comparable experience",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "experience_7y",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "5plus"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un diplôme sanctionnant au moins 3 années d'études supérieures ou 5 années d'expérience professionnelle de niveau comparable",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — carte bleue européenne",
                "history": [
                  {
                    "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                    "quote": "Avoir un diplôme sanctionnant au moins 3 années d'études supérieures ou 5 années d'expérience professionnelle de niveau comparable",
                    "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                    "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                    "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                    "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience eq y5in7 before, experience_7y eq 5plus after."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "1.5× reference salary",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 59373,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir une rémunération annuelle brute supérieure ou égale à 1,5 fois le salaire brut moyen annuel de référence, soit 59 373,00 € brut annuel.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "CESEDA — carte talent, carte bleue européenne (fiche F16922)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "listed-professions-not-modelled",
              "text": "For some listed professions France counts three years of experience in the last seven instead of five. We do not model that list, so this card judges you on the general rule."
            },
            {
              "id": "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor",
              "text": "Our question asks about the last seven years; the fiche names no window for its five, so five or more there meets the rule, and experience older than seven years — which the rule also counts — is not something this card can see."
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "employment-contract-of-at-least-six-months",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "An employment contract of at least six months",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail de 6 mois minimum",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-ict",
          "name": "Sent by your employer abroad (salarié détaché ICT)",
          "slug": "ict-seconded-employee",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Your group moves you to France for an assignment of more than a year, in a senior or expert role. Up to three years, and it cannot be renewed.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; three conditions the authority states — six months with the company group, an assignment lasting more than a year, and a senior or expert post — are listed with the rules below and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "six-months-with-the-group-already",
              "an-assignment-of-more-than-a-year",
              "a-senior-or-expert-post",
              "resources-proof-tracks-the-minimum-wage"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "not-in",
              "values": [
                "DZ"
              ],
              "text": "France does not open this permit to an Algerian passport: its own page states the card is for a foreigner who is not European and not Algerian.",
              "short_reason": "an Algerian passport",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
                "quote": "Vous êtes étranger (sauf Européen ou Algérien)",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F33952 — Qui peut demander la carte de séjour pluriannuelle salarié détaché ICT ?",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "fr",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "ict",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
                "quote": "Vous avez une ancienneté d'au moins 6 mois dans le groupe qui vous emploie",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in France",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "France chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "transfer to France",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_month",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "resources, at the French minimum wage level",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 1867.02,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
                "quote": "Justificatif de ressources supérieures ou égales à 1 867,02 € brut par mois",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "CESEDA — carte salarié détaché ICT (fiche F33952)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "resources-proof-tracks-the-minimum-wage",
              "text": "The French page states this figure as proof of resources rather than a salary an employer must pay, and it tracks the French minimum wage — expect it to move when that is revalued."
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "six-months-with-the-group-already",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "At least six months with the group that employs you",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
                "quote": "Vous avez une ancienneté d'au moins 6 mois dans le groupe qui vous emploie.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "an-assignment-of-more-than-a-year",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "An assignment lasting more than a year",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
                "quote": "La carte de séjour pluriannuelle salarié détaché ICT permet de séjourner en France pour effectuer une mission de plus d'1 an lors d'un transfert temporaire intragroupe",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-senior-or-expert-post",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "You must come to fill a senior management post, or to bring specialist expertise",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F33952",
                "quote": "Vous venez en France pour occuper un poste d'encadrement supérieur ou apporter une expertise",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-talent-innovante",
          "name": "Talent — employee of an innovative company",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "For a job at a company France officially recognises as innovative, in work tied to its research and development. The salary threshold is the same as the qualified-employee card, and no French degree is needed.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
          "scope": {
            "value": "every-deciding-rule-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer: the work tied to the company's research and development is the situation you declare, and the recognition the company itself must hold is the employer question. Both are stated in the authority's words beside your answers.",
            "not_asked": []
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "fr",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir des fonctions en lien direct avec le projet de recherche et de développement de cette entreprise",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — salarié en mission ou entreprise innovante"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in France",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "France chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in France",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "fr_innovative_employer",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "yes",
              "short_reason": "an employer France recognises as innovative",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Être recruté dans une jeune entreprise innovante ou une entreprise reconnue innovante par le ministère de l'économie",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — entreprise innovante"
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "talent — entreprise innovante",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 39582,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail qui prévoit une rémunération brute annuelle supérieure ou égale à 39 582 €.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                "legal_basis": "CESEDA — carte talent-salarié qualifié, parcours entreprise innovante (fiche F16922)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "work-tied-to-the-research-and-development-project",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Work directly tied to that company’s research and development project",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir des fonctions en lien direct avec le projet de recherche et de développement de cette entreprise",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-young-innovative-company-or-one-the-ministry-recognises",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The employer must be a young innovative company, or a company France’s ministry of the economy recognises as innovative",
              "field": "fr_innovative_employer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Être recruté dans une jeune entreprise innovante ou une entreprise reconnue innovante par le ministère de l'économie",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-talent-mission",
          "name": "Talent — employee on assignment (salarié en mission)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "For an intra-group move to France where the French company issues your contract. Unlike the ICT card, the contract is French and the salary rule is the talent threshold.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the move between companies of one group is the situation you declare, and one condition the authority states — three months with the company group already — is listed with the rules below and never asked.",
            "not_asked": [
              "three-months-with-the-group-already"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "fr",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "ict",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Être salarié d'une entreprise établie à l'étranger et venir en France pour exercer une activité salariée dans le cadre d'une mobilité entre établissements d'une même entreprise ou entre entreprises d'un même groupe (mobilité intragroupe)",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — salarié en mission"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in France",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "France chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "transfer to France",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "fr"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "fr_local_contract",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "yes",
              "short_reason": "a contract with the French entity",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un contrat de travail avec l'entreprise qui vous emploie en France",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Fiche F16922 — salarié en mission"
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "talent — salarié en mission",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 39582,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Percevoir une rémunération brute annuelle supérieure ou égale à 39 582 €.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                "legal_basis": "CESEDA — carte talent-salarié qualifié, parcours salarié en mission (fiche F16922)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "three-months-with-the-group-already",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "At least three months with the group that employs you",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir une ancienneté d'au moins 3 mois dans le groupe qui vous emploie",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-move-inside-one-company-or-group",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Employment by a company established abroad, and a move between branches of that company or between companies of the same group",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Être salarié d'une entreprise établie à l'étranger et venir en France pour exercer une activité salariée dans le cadre d'une mobilité entre établissements d'une même entreprise ou entre entreprises d'un même groupe (mobilité intragroupe)",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-salarie",
          "name": "Employee card (salarié / travailleur temporaire)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "The ordinary employee card: salarié on a permanent contract, travailleur temporaire on a fixed-term one. It is issued only after your employer has obtained a work authorisation for the job itself.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F15898",
          "scope": {
            "value": "rules-quoted-nothing-asked",
            "reason": "This route is not scored, and nothing below asks you anything. The card follows a work authorisation your employer applies for, and that decision turns on whether the job was advertised for three weeks with nobody suitable answering, on your employer's own record with the tax, social-security and labour authorities, and on whether the hire is judged out of proportion to the business making it. Those are facts about somebody else, so we state the rules with the authority's own sentences and the day we read them, and we leave the verdict alone.",
            "not_asked": [
              "your-employer-applies-for-the-work-authorisation",
              "the-job-is-advertised-for-three-weeks-first",
              "a-shortage-occupation-lifts-the-advertising",
              "your-employers-own-record-is-checked",
              "a-hire-out-of-proportion-can-be-refused",
              "the-pay-floor-is-the-smic-or-the-agreement",
              "a-regulated-profession-adds-its-own-conditions",
              "no-euro-figure-is-published-for-the-pay-floor"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "your-employer-applies-for-the-work-authorisation",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A work authorisation your employer must apply for online, before you enter France. The card cannot be issued without it.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F15898",
                "quote": "Votre employeur doit faire sur internet la demande d'autorisation de travail avant votre entrée en France.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F15898 — Demander la carte de séjour salarié",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-job-is-advertised-for-three-weeks-first",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Before the work authorisation can be applied for, the job must have been advertised through the public employment service for three consecutive weeks within the previous six months, and no suitable candidate must have come forward.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F2728",
                "quote": "Avant de faire la demande d'autorisation de travail, l'offre d'emploi doit avoir été publiée pendant un délai de 3 semaines consécutives dans les 6 mois précédant le dépôt de cette demande auprès du service public de l'emploi. À la fin des 3 semaines de publication, si aucune candidature valable n'a été reçue, la demande d'autorisation de travail peut être effectuée.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F2728 — Publication préalable de l'offre d'emploi",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-shortage-occupation-lifts-the-advertising",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Where the job is on the shortage-occupation list, that three-week advertisement is not required at all.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F2728",
                "quote": "Cependant, la publication préalable de l'offre d'emploi n'est pas obligatoire si l'une des conditions suivantes est remplie : Emploi figurant sur la liste des métiers en tension",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F2728 — les cas où la publication n'est pas obligatoire",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "your-employers-own-record-is-checked",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your employer must be up to date with the social obligations their status or activity puts on them, and must not have been convicted or administratively sanctioned for illegal work, health-and-safety offences, aiding irregular entry or breaching the posted-worker rules.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F2728",
                "quote": "L'employeur, le donneur d'ordre, l'entreprise utilisatrice ou d'accueil doivent remplir l'ensemble des conditions suivantes : Respecter les obligations sociales liées à leur statut ou à leur activité",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F2728 — Conditions liées à l'employeur",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-hire-out-of-proportion-can-be-refused",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The work authorisation can be refused where the recruitment plan is plainly out of proportion to the applying business's own economic activity.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F2728",
                "quote": "L'autorisation de travail peut être refusée si le projet de recrutement est manifestement disproportionné au regard de l'activité économique du demandeur.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F2728 — Conditions liées à l'employeur",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-pay-floor-is-the-smic-or-the-agreement",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The pay may not be below the French minimum wage, or below the wage the collective agreement covering the business sets where that is higher.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F2728",
                "quote": "La rémunération ne peut pas être inférieure au Smic (ou au salaire prévu dans la convention collective applicable à l'entreprise, si cette rémunération est plus élevée que le Smic).",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F2728 — Conditions de rémunération",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-regulated-profession-adds-its-own-conditions",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Where the job is a regulated profession, the conditions that profession sets for practising it have to be met as well.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr/vosdroits/F2728",
                "quote": "Le métier exercé par le futur salarié peut être une profession réglementée . Dans cette hypothèse, les conditions réglementaires d'exercice devront être respectées.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F2728 — Conditions d'exercice du métier si la profession est réglementée",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "no-euro-figure-is-published-for-the-pay-floor",
              "text": "Neither page states a euro figure for the pay floor: it is the minimum wage or the collective agreement, whichever is higher, and which agreement applies depends on the business. There is no number here for an answer to be compared against."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "fr-talent-chercheur",
          "name": "Talent — researcher (chercheur)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "France's researcher card: a hosting agreement with an approved research or higher-education body, a master's-level degree, and research or university teaching as the purpose of the stay. Quoted here, not scored — the fiche's pay floor names no period, and which agreement it hangs on is not said.",
          "info_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
          "slug": "talent-researcher",
          "situations": [
            "research"
          ],
          "scope": {
            "value": "rules-quoted-nothing-asked",
            "reason": "This route is not scored, and nothing below asks you anything. The fiche's gates are a hosting agreement with an approved body, a degree at least equivalent to a master's and a pay floor it states without a period, and the card's length follows a contract this interview never sees. We state the rules with the authority's own sentences and the day we read them, and leave the verdict alone; the situation question's research answer is the one this route would have asked about.",
            "not_asked": [
              "the-card-is-for-a-researcher-and-lets-you-work",
              "every-condition-below-must-hold",
              "a-hosting-agreement-with-an-approved-research-body",
              "a-degree-at-least-equivalent-to-a-masters",
              "research-or-university-level-teaching-is-the-purpose",
              "a-pay-floor-for-a-research-stay-agreement",
              "valid-for-the-contract-up-to-four-years",
              "under-a-year-it-is-a-visa-not-a-card",
              "open-to-a-researcher-already-in-another-eu-country",
              "the-fiche-gives-two-names-for-the-agreement"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "the-card-is-for-a-researcher-and-lets-you-work",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The card is the researcher's own: it lets you live in France and work, and your employer does not have to apply for a work authorisation.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "La carte de séjour « talent chercheur » vous autorise à séjourner en France. Elle vous autorise à travailler. Votre employeur n'a pas à demander d'autorisation de travail",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — ce que la carte autorise",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "every-condition-below-must-hold",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "All of the following conditions together — the degree, the purpose of the stay and the hosting agreement; none of them alone.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Vous pouvez obtenir une carte de séjour « talent-chercheur » si vous remplissez toutes les conditions suivantes :",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — 1 Vérifier si vous remplissez les conditions",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-hosting-agreement-with-an-approved-research-body",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A hosting agreement (convention d'accueil) concluded with an approved public or private body whose mission is research or higher education. The agreement must state that you are a researcher, and the purpose and duration of your stay in France.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir une convention d'accueil souscrite avec un organisme public ou privé agréé ayant mission de recherche ou d'enseignement supérieur. La convention doit indiquer que vous êtes chercheur et l'objet et la durée de votre séjour en France.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — 1 Vérifier si vous remplissez les conditions",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-degree-at-least-equivalent-to-a-masters",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A degree at least equivalent to a master's.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Avoir un diplôme au moins équivalent au master",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — 1 Vérifier si vous remplissez les conditions",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "research-or-university-level-teaching-is-the-purpose",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Research work, or teaching at university level, as the purpose of the stay in France.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Venir en France pour mener des travaux de recherche ou dispenser un enseignement de niveau universitaire",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — 1 Vérifier si vous remplissez les conditions",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-pay-floor-for-a-research-stay-agreement",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A minimum pay of €2,200 gross applies to a researcher who has signed a research-stay agreement (convention de séjour de recherche). The fiche names no period for the figure.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Un seuil de rémunération minimal de 2 200 € brut s’applique pour le chercheur qui a signé une convention de séjour de recherche.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — À noter, sous les conditions",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "valid-for-the-contract-up-to-four-years",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The card is valid for the same period as your employment contract, up to a maximum of four years.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "La carte est valable pour une durée identique à celle du contrat de travail dans la limite d'une durée maximale de 4 ans.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — 7 Aller chercher la carte de séjour",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "under-a-year-it-is-a-visa-not-a-card",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "For a stay of under twelve months the consulate issues a long-stay visa standing as a residence permit, marked \"talent\", rather than the card.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Si la durée de votre séjour est inférieure à 12 mois , le consulat vous délivre un visa de long séjour valant titre de séjour portant la mention \"talent\".",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — 2 Vérifier les démarches à effectuer, Vous habitez à l'étranger",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "open-to-a-researcher-already-in-another-eu-country",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The card is also granted to a researcher in another EU country who comes to carry out part of their work in France for more than three months; no long-stay visa is needed in that case.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F16922",
                "quote": "Cette carte vous est aussi accordée si vous êtes chercheur dans un autre pays de l'UE et que vous venez mener une partie de vos travaux pour plus de 3 mois en France.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-16",
                "legal_basis": "service-public.gouv.fr F16922 — Carte talent, onglet Chercheur — ce que la carte autorise",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "the-fiche-gives-two-names-for-the-agreement",
              "text": "The fiche lists a convention d'accueil among the conditions and hangs its pay floor on a convention de séjour de recherche, without saying whether they are one instrument or two; nothing here reads the difference, and no question could ask it."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "ES",
      "name": "Spain",
      "routes": [
        {
          "id": "es-blue-card",
          "name": "EU Blue Card (tarjeta azul-UE)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A contract or firm offer of at least six months, plus a higher-education qualification of three years or more — or five years of comparable experience. Spain's large-companies unit decides in 20 working days, and if it does not answer in time the application counts as approved. A lower salary applies if you earned your qualification in the last three years.",
          "info_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/profesionales-altamente-cualificados",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the unit that handles the application is listed with the rules below and never asked, and two things the source adds — the shortage-occupation list behind the lower salary, and Spain's shorter experience route for some professions — are not checked here. The five years of experience it accepts instead of a degree have no window, so your answer about the last seven years stands in for them.",
            "not_asked": [
              "reduced-also-for-shortage-occupations",
              "handled-by-the-large-companies-unit",
              "reduced-also-for-a-qualification-earned-in-the-last-three-years",
              "it-professionals-limb-not-modelled",
              "lower-salary-applied-with-no-institution-limit",
              "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "es",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "un contrato de trabajo válido o una oferta firme de empleo de alta cualificación para un período de al menos seis meses",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 71 bis.1.b)"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Spain",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Spain chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Spain",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "qualification or experience",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "higher-education qualification",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "degree"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "5 years of comparable experience",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "experience_7y",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "5plus",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                        "quote": "acrediten un mínimo de cinco años de conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avalados por una experiencia profesional que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 71.2 a)",
                        "history": [
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                            "quote": "acrediten un mínimo de cinco años de conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avalados por una experiencia profesional que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                            "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                            "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience eq y5in7 before, experience_7y eq 5plus after."
                          },
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                            "quote": "acrediten un mínimo de cinco años de conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avalados por una experiencia profesional que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                            "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                            "reason": "citation-corrected",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "The citation beside the quote was wrong, not the quote: legal_basis said \"Ley 14/2013, art. 71 bis.2\", and the sentence \"acrediten un mínimo de cinco años…\" lives in art. 71.2 a) (the Blue Card modality of the highly qualified authorisation) — in the watch snapshot of 2026-09-07 (boe-ley-14-2013) it sits at character offset 213627, under \"Artículo 71.\" (212189) and before \"Artículo 71 bis.\" (216234), whose paragraph 1 a) only refers back to \"la cualificación establecida en el artículo 71.2 a)\". (s25 build, 2026-09-17)."
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "una cualificación derivada de una formación de enseñanza superior de duración mínima de tres años y equivalente al menos al Nivel 2 del Marco Español de Cualificaciones para la Educación Superior",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 71.2 a)",
                "history": [
                  {
                    "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                    "quote": "una cualificación derivada de una formación de enseñanza superior de duración mínima de tres años y equivalente al menos al Nivel 2 del Marco Español de Cualificaciones para la Educación Superior",
                    "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                    "reason": "citation-corrected",
                    "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                    "note": "The citation beside the quote was wrong, not the quote: legal_basis said \"Ley 14/2013, art. 71 bis.2\", and the sentence \"una cualificación derivada de una formación de enseñanza superior…\" lives in art. 71.2 a) — in the watch snapshot of 2026-09-07 (boe-ley-14-2013) it sits at character offset 213271, under \"Artículo 71.\" (212189) and before \"Artículo 71 bis.\" (216234), whose paragraph 1 a) only refers back to \"la cualificación establecida en el artículo 71.2 a)\". Corrected together with the five-year limb beside it, which quotes the same paragraph. (s25 build, 2026-09-17)."
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "the salary this route asks for",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "the standard salary",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_year",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "standard amount (1.4× the Spanish average wage)",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 41356.36,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/umbral-salarial.pdf",
                        "quote": "Nuevos umbrales salariales Tarjeta Azul. - Umbral general: 41.356,36 €",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                        "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013 art. 71 bis + Orden PJC/44/2026 (1,4× ganancia media INE)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "the lower salary for a recent qualification",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification_recent",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "yes",
                      "short_reason": "a qualification from the last 3 years"
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_year",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "lower amount for a qualification from the last 3 years",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 33085.09,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/umbral-salarial.pdf",
                        "quote": "- Umbral reducido: 33.085,09 €",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013 art. 71 bis + Orden PJC/44/2026 (umbral reducido)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "reduced-also-for-shortage-occupations",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The lower salary can also apply to shortage occupations that fall in the managerial and professional groups of Spain’s occupation classification (CNO-2011 groups 1 and 2) — we do not check that list.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/umbral-salarial.pdf",
                "quote": "¿Cuándo se aplica el umbral reducido? El umbral reducido podrá aplicarse en los siguientes supuestos: - Ocupaciones de difícil cobertura incluidas en los grupos 1 y 2 de la CNO-2011, conforme a la normativa vigente.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013 art. 71 bis + Orden PJC/44/2026 (supuestos del umbral reducido), as the UGE umbral-salarial PDF states them, edición Junio 2026."
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "handled-by-the-large-companies-unit",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The application must be handled by Spain's large-companies unit (UGE), and it is the Directorate-General for Migration that grants it",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "La tramitación de las autorizaciones de residencia previstas en esta sección se efectuará por la Unidad de Grandes Empresas y Colectivos Estratégicos, a través de medios telemáticos y su concesión corresponderá a la Dirección General de Migraciones.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 76.1"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "reduced-also-for-a-qualification-earned-in-the-last-three-years",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The lower salary also applies to people from outside the EU who earned the qualification the route asks for in the three years before they applied.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/umbral-salarial.pdf",
                "quote": "- Personas nacionales de terceros países que hayan obtenido la cualificación requerida en los tres años previos a la solicitud de la Tarjeta Azul-UE.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013 art. 71 bis + Orden PJC/44/2026 (supuestos del umbral reducido), as the UGE umbral-salarial PDF states them, edición Junio 2026."
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "it-professionals-limb-not-modelled",
              "text": "Spain's law gives IT professionals and managers a shorter experience route of their own. We do not model it, so this card judges you on the general rule."
            },
            {
              "id": "lower-salary-applied-with-no-institution-limit",
              "text": "Whether the lower salary is limited to qualifications from particular institutions is a question the ministry’s sheet does not answer: it names no institution anywhere. We apply the lower salary with no such limit, the wording the law itself uses."
            },
            {
              "id": "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor",
              "text": "Our question asks about the last seven years; article 71.2 a) names no window for its five, so five or more there meets the rule, and experience older than seven years — which the law also counts — is not something this card can see."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "es-highly-qualified",
          "name": "Highly qualified professional (profesional altamente cualificado)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Spain's national fast-track for higher-education professionals, or people with equivalent experience, hired by a qualifying employer. One salary threshold, with no reduced version, decided in 20 working days.",
          "info_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/profesionales-altamente-cualificados",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; one condition the authority states — that Spain's large-companies unit handles the application and the Directorate-General for Migration grants it — is listed with the rules below and never asked. The three years of experience it accepts instead of a degree have no window, so your answer about the last seven years stands in for them.",
            "not_asked": [
              "handled-by-the-large-companies-unit",
              "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "es",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Spain",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Spain chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in Spain",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "qualification or experience",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "higher-education qualification",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "degree"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "professional experience",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "experience_7y",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "3to5",
                        "5plus"
                      ],
                      "short_reason": "at least three years of related experience",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                        "quote": "conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avaladas por una experiencia profesional de al menos tres años que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 71.2",
                        "history": [
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                            "quote": "conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avaladas por una experiencia profesional de al menos tres años que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                            "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                            "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience in [y3in7, y5in7] before, experience_7y in [3to5, 5plus] after."
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "una titulación equiparable al menos al nivel 1 del Marco Español de Cualificaciones para la Educación Superior",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 71.2"
              }
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_year",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "the one salary amount on this route",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 41356.36,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/umbral-salarial.pdf",
                "quote": "Se establece un umbral único de 41.356,36 €",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013 art. 71.2.b) + UGE threshold publication (June 2026)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "handled-by-the-large-companies-unit",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The application must be handled by Spain's large-companies unit (UGE), and it is the Directorate-General for Migration that grants it",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "La tramitación de las autorizaciones de residencia previstas en esta sección se efectuará por la Unidad de Grandes Empresas y Colectivos Estratégicos, a través de medios telemáticos y su concesión corresponderá a la Dirección General de Migraciones.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 76.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor",
              "text": "Our question asks about the last seven years; article 71.2 names no window for its three, so three or more there meets the rule, and experience older than seven years — which the law also counts — is not something this card can see."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "es-ict",
          "name": "Intra-company transfer (traslado intraempresarial)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Your group moves you to its Spanish entity as a manager, specialist or trainee. There is no salary threshold beyond the collective agreement for the job. Up to three years, or one for trainees.",
          "info_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/trabajadores",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; two conditions the authority states — a real business activity in the company and its group, and three months of unbroken prior work with it — are listed with the rules below and never asked. The three years of experience it accepts instead of a degree have no window, so your answer about the last seven years stands in for them.",
            "not_asked": [
              "a-real-business-behind-the-company",
              "three-months-with-the-group-before-the-move",
              "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "es",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "ict",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Aquellos extranjeros que se desplacen a España en el marco de una relación laboral, profesional o por motivos de formación profesional, con una empresa o grupo de empresas establecida en España o en otro país deberán estar provistos del correspondiente visado de acuerdo con la duración del traslado y de una autorización de residencia por traslado intraempresarial",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 73.1"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Spain",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Spain chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "transfer to Spain",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "qualification or experience",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "higher-education qualification",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "degree"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "professional experience",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "experience_7y",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "3to5",
                        "5plus"
                      ],
                      "short_reason": "at least three years of related experience",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                        "quote": "conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avaladas por una experiencia profesional de al menos 3 años que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 73.2.b)",
                        "history": [
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                            "quote": "conocimientos, capacidades y competencias avaladas por una experiencia profesional de al menos 3 años que pueda considerarse equiparable a dicha cualificación",
                            "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                            "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience in [y3in7, y5in7] before, experience_7y in [3to5, 5plus] after."
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Titulación superior equiparable al menos al nivel 1 del Marco Español de Cualificaciones para la Educación Superior",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 73.2.b)"
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "a-real-business-behind-the-company",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A real business activity in the company and in any group it belongs to",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "La existencia de una actividad empresarial real y, en su caso, la del grupo empresarial.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 73.2.a)"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "three-months-with-the-group-before-the-move",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Three months of prior and unbroken work with one or more companies of the group",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "La existencia de una relación laboral o profesional, previa y continuada, de 3 meses con una o varias de las empresas del grupo.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 73.2.c)"
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "seven-year-answer-is-a-floor",
              "text": "Our question asks about the last seven years; article 73.2 names no window for its three, so three or more there meets the rule, and experience older than seven years — which the law also counts — is not something this card can see."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "es-researcher",
          "name": "Researcher (investigación, Ley 14/2013 art. 72)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A Spanish university, R&D centre or business school has agreed to host you. Three years, plus a year afterwards to look for work or start a business.",
          "info_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/investigadores",
          "scope": {
            "value": "every-deciding-rule-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the hosting agreement or contract with the research body is the situation you declare, and the page states it in the authority's words beside your answer.",
            "not_asked": []
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "es",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "research",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "el solicitante de una autorización de residencia para investigación UE deberá presentar un convenio de acogida o contrato de trabajo",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 72.2"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in Spain",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Spain chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "agreement in Spain",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "es"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "hosting-agreement-or-contract-with-the-research-body",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A hosting agreement — the formal agreement a research institution signs to take you on — or an employment contract with the research body",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "el solicitante de una autorización de residencia para investigación UE deberá presentar un convenio de acogida o contrato de trabajo",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 72.2.a)"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "es-cuenta-ajena",
          "name": "Employee, general regime (residencia y trabajo por cuenta ajena)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "The general regime's way in: an employer in Spain applies for a non-EU worker to live and work as an employee. The authorisation lasts as long as the job, up to a year, and is tied to one occupation and one autonomous community.",
          "info_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/cuenta-ajena",
          "scope": {
            "value": "rules-quoted-nothing-asked",
            "reason": "This route is not scored, and nothing below asks you anything. Whether it opens at all depends on the national employment situation, which has two doors: your occupation is on a catalogue of hard-to-fill jobs that the public employment service redraws every three months for each autonomous community, or your employer has to satisfy the immigration office that the post could not be filled from the labour market already here. A quarterly regional list and an office's judgement of somebody else's recruiting are not facts you could declare, so we quote the regulation and date it instead.",
            "not_asked": [
              "the-national-employment-situation-must-allow-it",
              "a-quarterly-catalogue-per-region-is-one-door",
              "otherwise-the-office-weighs-your-employers-search",
              "your-employer-applies-with-a-signed-contract",
              "part-time-pay-meets-the-full-time-minimum",
              "your-employer-must-have-the-means",
              "an-individual-employer-must-support-their-own-household",
              "the-qualification-the-profession-requires",
              "one-occupation-one-region-one-year",
              "the-test-falls-away-for-some-applicants",
              "the-minimum-wage-is-set-somewhere-else"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "the-national-employment-situation-must-allow-it",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The national employment situation must permit hiring you, on the terms article 75 sets out.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Que la situación nacional de empleo permita la contratación de la persona trabajadora extranjera en los términos previstos en el artículo 75 o, en el caso de que la autorización se encuadre en un procedimiento de gestión colectiva de contrataciones en origen, en los términos que se establezca en la orden correspondiente.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 74.1.a (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-quarterly-catalogue-per-region-is-one-door",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "One way through is the catalogue of hard-to-fill occupations, drawn up every three months by the state employment service for each autonomous community and for Ceuta and Melilla.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "A los efectos de determinar la situación nacional de empleo, el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal elaborará, con periodicidad trimestral, de acuerdo con la información suministrada por los servicios públicos de empleo autonómicos y previa consulta de la Comisión Laboral Tripartita de Inmigración, un catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura para cada Comunidad Autónoma, así como para las ciudades de Ceuta y Melilla.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 75.1 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "otherwise-the-office-weighs-your-employers-search",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "For an occupation not on that catalogue, your employer must show the immigration office that the vacancy could not be filled from workers already in the internal labour market, and the office weighs the employment service's report and how urgent the hire is.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Asimismo, se considerará que la situación nacional de empleo permite la contratación en las ocupaciones no calificadas como de difícil cobertura cuando el empleador acredite ante la Oficina de Extranjería la dificultad de cubrir los puestos de trabajo vacantes con trabajadores ya incorporados en el mercado laboral interno. A estos efectos, la oficina de extranjería tendrá en consideración el informe presentado por los Servicios Públicos de Empleo, así como la urgencia de la contratación acreditada por la empresa.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 75.2 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "your-employer-applies-with-a-signed-contract",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A contract signed by you and by your employer, guaranteeing continuous work for as long as the authorisation runs, whose start date must be conditioned on the authorisation taking effect.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Que el empleador presente un contrato de trabajo firmado por la persona trabajadora y por él mismo y que se establezca para la persona trabajadora una actividad continuada durante el periodo de vigencia de la autorización inicial de residencia temporal y trabajo por cuenta ajena. La fecha de comienzo del contrato deberá estar condicionada al momento de eficacia de la autorización de residencia temporal y trabajo por cuenta ajena.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 74.1.b (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "part-time-pay-meets-the-full-time-minimum",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "For part-time work, the total pay over the year must reach the full-time minimum wage.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "En el caso de que la contratación fuera a tiempo parcial, la retribución total a percibir por la persona solicitante deberá ser igual o superior al salario mínimo interprofesional para jornada completa y en cómputo anual.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 74.1.c (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "your-employer-must-have-the-means",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your employer must have economic, material or personal means enough for their own business and for what the contract obliges them to pay you.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Que el empleador cuente con medios económicos, materiales o personales, suficientes para su proyecto empresarial y para hacer frente a las obligaciones asumidas en el contrato frente al trabajador en los términos establecidos en el artículo 76.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 74.1.e (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "an-individual-employer-must-support-their-own-household",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Where your employer is a person rather than a company, they must also show they can support their own household, on top of your salary: monthly means of 50% of the Spanish minimum wage if nobody depends on them, 100% for a two-person household, and 25% more of it for every further member.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Cuando el empleador requerido sea una persona física, deberá además acreditar que cuenta con medios económicos suficientes para atender sus necesidades y las de su familia. La cuantía mínima exigible se basará en los siguientes porcentajes del salario mínimo interprofesional según el número de personas a su cargo, descontado el pago del salario reflejado en el contrato de trabajo que obre en el procedimiento",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 76.2 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-qualification-the-profession-requires",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "You must have the training and, where the profession requires one, the professional qualification the law demands for practising it.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Que la persona trabajadora tenga la capacitación y, en su caso, la cualificación profesional legalmente exigida para el ejercicio de la profesión.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 74.1.f (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "one-occupation-one-region-one-year",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The first authorisation lasts as long as the work does, up to a year, and is limited to one autonomous community and one occupation.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "La autorización inicial de residencia temporal y trabajo por cuenta ajena tendrá una duración igual a la de la actividad a desarrollar, con el máximo de un año, y se limitará, en lo relativo al ejercicio de la actividad laboral y salvo en los casos previstos por la Ley y los Convenios Internacionales firmados por España, a un ámbito geográfico autonómico y a una ocupación determinada.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 73.4 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-test-falls-away-for-some-applicants",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The employment-situation test is set aside altogether in the cases article 40 of the immigration act lists, and under an international agreement.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099",
                "quote": "Sin perjuicio de lo previsto en el apartado anterior, no se tendrá en cuenta la situación nacional de empleo en los supuestos establecidos en el artículo 40 de la Ley Orgánica 4/2000, de 11 de enero, o por Convenio internacional.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "RD 1155/2024, art. 74.2 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "the-minimum-wage-is-set-somewhere-else",
              "text": "Every pay floor here is written as the minimum wage or a percentage of it, and that wage is set by a separate decree each year. The regulation carries no euro figure, so there is nothing on this page for an answer to be compared against."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "es-teletrabajo",
          "name": "International teleworker (teletrabajo de carácter internacional)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Living in Spain while working remotely, by computer and telecommunications only, for employers or clients based outside it. A visa from abroad lasts up to a year; a residence authorisation applied for inside Spain lasts up to three.",
          "info_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores",
          "scope": {
            "value": "rules-quoted-nothing-asked",
            "reason": "This route is not scored, and nothing below asks you anything. It turns on a situation this interview never asks about — that you already work remotely for a company trading outside Spain, and have done for at least three months — and on an income floor the law states only as sufficient means for you and your family. The binding figure is not in the law: it is set as a multiple of a minimum wage a separate decree resets each year, in an instruction no fetch of ours can reach. We will not do arithmetic on your behalf and call it a rule, so the rules are quoted here and dated.",
            "not_asked": [
              "the-work-is-remote-and-for-companies-outside-spain",
              "at-most-a-fifth-of-professional-work-from-spain",
              "a-degree-or-three-years-of-experience",
              "the-company-must-have-traded-for-a-year",
              "three-months-with-that-employer-already",
              "sufficient-means-with-no-figure-in-the-law",
              "two-doors-a-visa-and-an-authorisation",
              "free-movement-passports-are-outside-this-section",
              "the-figure-that-binds-is-not-on-a-page-we-can-read"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "the-work-is-remote-and-for-companies-outside-spain",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Work done remotely for companies based outside Spain, by computer, telematic and telecommunications means only.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Se halla en situación de residencia por teletrabajo de carácter internacional el nacional de un tercer Estado, autorizado a permanecer en España para ejercer una actividad laboral o profesional a distancia para empresas radicadas fuera del territorio nacional, mediante el uso exclusivo de medios y sistemas informáticos, telemáticos y de telecomunicación.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 74 bis.1 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "at-most-a-fifth-of-professional-work-from-spain",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Working for yourself rather than for an employer, you may take work from a company based in Spain, as long as it is no more than a fifth of what you do.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "En el supuesto de ejercicio de una actividad profesional, se permitirá al titular de la autorización por teletrabajo de carácter internacional trabajar para una empresa ubicada en España, siempre y cuando el porcentaje de dicho trabajo no sea superior al 20 % del total de su actividad profesional.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 74 bis.1 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-degree-or-three-years-of-experience",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "You must be a graduate or postgraduate of a university, vocational school or business school of recognised standing, or have at least three years of professional experience.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Podrán solicitar el visado o la autorización de teletrabajo los profesionales cualificados que acrediten ser graduados o postgraduados de universidades de reconocido prestigio, formación profesional y escuelas de negocios de reconocido prestigio o bien con una experiencia profesional mínima de tres años.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 74 bis.2 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-company-must-have-traded-for-a-year",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The company or group you work for must have been really and continuously trading for at least a year.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "La existencia de una actividad real y continuada durante al menos un año de la empresa o grupo de empresas con la que el trabajador mantiene relación laboral o profesional.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 74 ter.a (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "three-months-with-that-employer-already",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "As an employee, you must show the employment relationship with the company outside Spain has run for at least the three months before you apply, and that the company lets you work remotely.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "En el supuesto de una relación laboral, se deberá acreditar la existencia de la misma entre el trabajador y la empresa no localizada en España durante al menos, los últimos tres meses anteriores a la presentación de la solicitud, así como documentación que acredite que dicha empresa permite al trabajador realizar la actividad laboral a distancia.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 74 ter.c (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "sufficient-means-with-no-figure-in-the-law",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Economic resources enough for yourself and for the members of your family, for as long as you live in Spain — one of the general requirements this section sets, and it names no amount.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Contar con recursos económicos suficientes para sí y para los miembros de su familia durante su periodo de residencia en España.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 62.3.f (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "two-doors-a-visa-and-an-authorisation",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "From outside Spain you apply for a teleworking visa, valid for up to a year. Applied for inside Spain, the residence authorisation runs for up to three years.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Los extranjeros no residentes en España, que se propongan residir en territorio español con el fin de teletrabajar a distancia para una empresa no ubicada en España, solicitarán el visado para teletrabajo de carácter internacional que tendrá una vigencia máxima de un año, salvo que el período de trabajo sea inferior, en cuyo caso el visado tendrá la misma vigencia que este.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 74 quater.1 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "free-movement-passports-are-outside-this-section",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "None of this section applies to citizens of the European Union, or to anyone holding equivalent free-movement rights.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074",
                "quote": "Lo dispuesto en esta sección no será de aplicación a los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea y a aquellos extranjeros que disfruten de derechos de libre circulación equivalentes a los de los ciudadanos de la Unión con base en acuerdos entre la Unión Europea y los Estados miembros, por una parte, y terceros países, por otra.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Ley 14/2013, art. 61.2 (consolidated text, BOE)",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "the-figure-that-binds-is-not-on-a-page-we-can-read",
              "text": "The euro amount readers ask about is not in the law. It is a multiple of Spain's minimum wage, fixed in a joint ministerial instruction that refuses our fetches, and the wage it multiplies is reset by decree every year — so we have no current figure we could re-read for you, and we do not publish one we cannot check."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NL",
      "name": "Netherlands",
      "routes": [
        {
          "id": "nl-hsm-30plus",
          "name": "Highly skilled migrant — 30 or older (kennismigrant)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "The Dutch highly skilled migrant permit. No degree is needed — the salary is what qualifies you. A lower salary counts if, within the last three years, you graduated from a Dutch university or research institution, or from a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; three conditions the authority states — pay that matches what the job normally pays, an employer on the recognised-sponsor register, and the healthcare register where it applies — are listed with the rules below and never asked, and the orientation year permit that also opens the lower salary is never asked about. The provisional residence permit this application needs is listed with the rules below too, and your passport decides both whether the Dutch immigration service exempts you from it and whether the recognised-sponsor condition applies to your employer at all.",
            "not_asked": [
              "reduced-also-for-orientation-year-permit-holders",
              "salary-must-match-the-market-rate",
              "employer-must-be-a-recognised-sponsor",
              "big-register-for-healthcare-professions",
              "mvv-needed"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "nl",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "You have an employment contract with an employer or research institution in the Netherlands. This employer is a sponsor recognised by the IND.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in the Netherlands",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Netherlands chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in the Netherlands",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "age_band",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "a30to35",
                "a35to40",
                "o40"
              ],
              "short_reason": "an age of 30 or older"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "the salary this route asks for",
              "short_reason": "at least €5,942/month — or €3,122/month with a degree from the last 3 years, from a Dutch institution or from one the Dutch immigration service designates",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "the standard salary",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "30 or older, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 5942,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Highly skilled migrants 30 years or older € 5,942.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme — required amounts 2026 (change every 1 January)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "the lower salary for a recent graduate",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "op": "any",
                      "label": "where you studied",
                      "short_reason": "a degree from the last 3 years, from a Dutch institution or from one the Dutch immigration service designates",
                      "paths": [
                        {
                          "label": "a Dutch university or research institution",
                          "criteria": [
                            {
                              "field": "nl_recent_grad",
                              "op": "eq",
                              "value": "yes"
                            }
                          ]
                        },
                        {
                          "label": "a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates",
                          "criteria": [
                            {
                              "field": "top200_grad",
                              "op": "eq",
                              "value": "yes"
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ],
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "The highly skilled migrant has never had a residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons, but does meet the requirements for that residence purpose.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02"
                      }
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "lower amount for a recent graduate, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 3122,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Highly skilled migrants reduced salary criterion € 3,122.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme — reduced required amount 2026 (change every 1 January)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "reduced-also-for-orientation-year-permit-holders",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The lower salary also applies if you hold, or have held, a Dutch orientation year permit for highly educated people. We do not ask about permits you already hold, so the answer above does not count one.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                "quote": "The reduced salary criterion applies in these 3 cases: The residence permit for a highly skilled migrant is applied for during the residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons. The highly skilled migrant no longer has a residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons, but did have this permit.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, required amounts — the reduced highly-skilled-migrant rows (read from the watched snapshot of 2026-09-02)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "salary-must-match-the-market-rate",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The salary must match what the job normally pays — the Dutch immigration service judges this",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "The agreed salary is in line with the market rate.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "employer-must-be-a-recognised-sponsor",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your employer must be a sponsor the Dutch immigration service (IND) recognises, listed in its public register of recognised sponsors",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "This employer is a sponsor recognised by the IND. A recognised sponsor is listed in the public register of recognised sponsors.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "TR"
                ],
                "text": "Your employer does not have to be a recognised sponsor — for employees with Turkish nationality the Dutch immigration service does not require one, and you can submit the application yourself.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/turkish-citizens-and-living-in-the-netherlands",
                  "quote": "Have you found work as a highly skilled migrant? Or work as a researcher under Directive (EU) 2016/801? Normally, only recognised sponsors can apply for these residence permits. For employees with Turkish nationality, a recognised sponsor is not required. You can also submit the application yourself.",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, Turkish citizens and living in the Netherlands — Obligatory recognised sponsor not required",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "big-register-for-healthcare-professions",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If you will work in individual healthcare in a profession the Individual Healthcare Professions Act lists, you must be in the BIG register of healthcare professions",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "Are you going to work in individual healthcare? And do you practise a medical profession that is listed in Article 3 and Article 36a of the Individual Healthcare Professions Act (BIG Act)? If so, you must be registered in the BIG register.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-contract-abroad-is-a-transfer",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Your employment contract is with the employer in the Netherlands. If your contract is with a company outside the EU and that company is transferring you to a branch here as a manager, specialist or trainee, the intra-corporate transferee permit is the one that applies to you, not this one.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "Do you have an employment contract with a company located outside the EU? And are you going to be transferred as a manager, specialist or trainee? Then you are an intra corporate transferee and other requirements apply to you.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-08"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "mvv-needed",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "This application needs a provisional residence permit (MVV).",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "A valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "AU",
                  "CA",
                  "JP",
                  "MC",
                  "NZ",
                  "VA",
                  "GB",
                  "US",
                  "KR",
                  "CH"
                ],
                "text": "You do not need a provisional residence permit (MVV) — the Dutch immigration service names your passport among the nationalities that need none.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/mvv-exemptions",
                  "quote": "You do not need an MVV if you have the nationality of one of these countries. Australia Canada Japan Monaco New Zealand Vatican City United Kingdom United States South Korea Switzerland An EU/EEA Member State",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, MVV exemptions — Your nationality is decisive",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "nl-hsm-under30",
          "name": "Highly skilled migrant — under 30 (kennismigrant)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "The same permit with a lower salary for people under 30. It is lower still if, within the last three years, you graduated from a Dutch university or research institution, or from a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; three conditions the authority states — pay that matches what the job normally pays, an employer on the recognised-sponsor register, and the healthcare register where it applies — are listed with the rules below and never asked, and neither the orientation year permit that also opens the lower salary nor what happens when you change employer after thirty is asked about. The provisional residence permit this application needs is listed with the rules below too, and your passport decides both whether the Dutch immigration service exempts you from it and whether the recognised-sponsor condition applies to your employer at all.",
            "not_asked": [
              "reduced-also-for-orientation-year-permit-holders",
              "salary-must-match-the-market-rate",
              "higher-amount-after-a-change-of-employer-past-thirty",
              "employer-must-be-a-recognised-sponsor",
              "big-register-for-healthcare-professions",
              "mvv-needed"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "nl",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "You have an employment contract with an employer or research institution in the Netherlands. This employer is a sponsor recognised by the IND.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in the Netherlands",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Netherlands chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in the Netherlands",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "age_band",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "u30",
              "short_reason": "an age under 30"
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "the salary this route asks for",
              "short_reason": "at least €4,357/month — or €3,122/month with a degree from the last 3 years, from a Dutch institution or from one the Dutch immigration service designates",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "the standard salary",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "under 30, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 4357,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Highly skilled migrants younger than 30 years € 4,357.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme — required amounts 2026 (change every 1 January)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "the lower salary for a recent graduate",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "op": "any",
                      "label": "where you studied",
                      "short_reason": "a degree from the last 3 years, from a Dutch institution or from one the Dutch immigration service designates",
                      "paths": [
                        {
                          "label": "a Dutch university or research institution",
                          "criteria": [
                            {
                              "field": "nl_recent_grad",
                              "op": "eq",
                              "value": "yes"
                            }
                          ]
                        },
                        {
                          "label": "a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates",
                          "criteria": [
                            {
                              "field": "top200_grad",
                              "op": "eq",
                              "value": "yes"
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ],
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "The highly skilled migrant has never had a residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons, but does meet the requirements for that residence purpose.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02"
                      }
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "lower amount for a recent graduate, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 3122,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Highly skilled migrants reduced salary criterion € 3,122.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme — reduced required amount 2026 (change every 1 January)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "reduced-also-for-orientation-year-permit-holders",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The lower salary also applies if you hold, or have held, a Dutch orientation year permit for highly educated people. We do not ask about permits you already hold, so the answer above does not count one.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                "quote": "The reduced salary criterion applies in these 3 cases: The residence permit for a highly skilled migrant is applied for during the residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons. The highly skilled migrant no longer has a residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons, but did have this permit.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, required amounts — the reduced highly-skilled-migrant rows (read from the watched snapshot of 2026-09-02)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "salary-must-match-the-market-rate",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The salary must match what the job normally pays — the Dutch immigration service judges this",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "The agreed salary is in line with the market rate.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "higher-amount-after-a-change-of-employer-past-thirty",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Change employer after you turn 30 and the €5,942.00 amount applies instead of this one. The lower amount stays with you only if the change happened while you were still under 30.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                "quote": "Has the highly skilled migrant changed employers since the first permit was issued? Then this must have happened when the highly skilled migrant was still under the age of 30. Highly skilled migrant is still younger than 30: € 4,357.00 Highly skilled migrant is now 30 years or older: € 5,942.00",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "employer-must-be-a-recognised-sponsor",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your employer must be a sponsor the Dutch immigration service (IND) recognises, listed in its public register of recognised sponsors",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "This employer is a sponsor recognised by the IND. A recognised sponsor is listed in the public register of recognised sponsors.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "TR"
                ],
                "text": "Your employer does not have to be a recognised sponsor — for employees with Turkish nationality the Dutch immigration service does not require one, and you can submit the application yourself.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/turkish-citizens-and-living-in-the-netherlands",
                  "quote": "Have you found work as a highly skilled migrant? Or work as a researcher under Directive (EU) 2016/801? Normally, only recognised sponsors can apply for these residence permits. For employees with Turkish nationality, a recognised sponsor is not required. You can also submit the application yourself.",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, Turkish citizens and living in the Netherlands — Obligatory recognised sponsor not required",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "big-register-for-healthcare-professions",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If you will work in individual healthcare in a profession the Individual Healthcare Professions Act lists, you must be in the BIG register of healthcare professions",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "Are you going to work in individual healthcare? And do you practise a medical profession that is listed in Article 3 and Article 36a of the Individual Healthcare Professions Act (BIG Act)? If so, you must be registered in the BIG register.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-contract-abroad-is-a-transfer",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Your employment contract is with the employer in the Netherlands. If your contract is with a company outside the EU and that company is transferring you to a branch here as a manager, specialist or trainee, the intra-corporate transferee permit is the one that applies to you, not this one.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "Do you have an employment contract with a company located outside the EU? And are you going to be transferred as a manager, specialist or trainee? Then you are an intra corporate transferee and other requirements apply to you.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-08"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "mvv-needed",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "This application needs a provisional residence permit (MVV).",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant",
                "quote": "A valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "AU",
                  "CA",
                  "JP",
                  "MC",
                  "NZ",
                  "VA",
                  "GB",
                  "US",
                  "KR",
                  "CH"
                ],
                "text": "You do not need a provisional residence permit (MVV) — the Dutch immigration service names your passport among the nationalities that need none.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/mvv-exemptions",
                  "quote": "You do not need an MVV if you have the nationality of one of these countries. Australia Canada Japan Monaco New Zealand Vatican City United Kingdom United States South Korea Switzerland An EU/EEA Member State",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, MVV exemptions — Your nationality is decisive",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "nl-blue-card",
          "name": "EU Blue Card",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A contract of at least six months, plus a higher-education diploma of three years or more — or five years of relevant experience, three years if you work in information technology. Your employer does not have to be a recognised sponsor. A lower salary counts for a degree holder who graduated in the last three years from a Dutch institution, or from a foreign one the Dutch immigration service designates.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the contract of at least six months is covered by the situation question you answer, one condition the authority states — the authorisation to practise a regulated profession — is listed with the rules below and never asked, and the extension and employer-change cases that also open the lower salary are not covered by the questions. The provisional residence permit this application needs is listed with the rules below too, and your passport decides whether the Dutch immigration service exempts you from it.",
            "not_asked": [
              "reduced-also-on-extension-or-employer-change",
              "permission-to-practise-a-regulated-profession",
              "mvv-needed"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "nl",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "offer",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                "quote": "Your employment contract is valid for at least 6 months.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in the Netherlands",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Netherlands chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "offer in the Netherlands",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "diploma or experience",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "higher-education diploma",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "degree"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "5 years of relevant experience",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "experience_7y",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "5plus",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                        "quote": "you have a minimum of 5 years of relevant work experience",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "history": [
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                            "quote": "you have a minimum of 5 years of relevant work experience",
                            "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                            "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience eq y5in7 before, experience_7y eq 5plus after."
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "IT role with 3 years in the last 7",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "occupation_it",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "yes"
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "experience_7y",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "3to5",
                        "5plus"
                      ],
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                        "quote": "Are you an IT manager or IT professional? A minimum of 3 years of relevant work experience is required during the period of 7 years before the application.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                        "history": [
                          {
                            "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                            "quote": "Are you an IT manager or IT professional? A minimum of 3 years of relevant work experience is required during the period of 7 years before the application.",
                            "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                            "reason": "rule-rekeyed",
                            "checked_at": "2026-09-17",
                            "note": "s25 (v1.1 critique F2): read experience_7y eq yes before, experience_7y in [3to5, 5plus] after."
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                "quote": "you have a diploma of a programme in higher education. This programme was at least 3 years.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "the salary this route asks for",
              "short_reason": "at least €5,942/month — or €4,754/month with a university degree and a degree from the last 3 years, from a Dutch institution or from one the Dutch immigration service designates",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "the standard salary",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "Blue Card 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 5942,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "European Blue Card € 5,942.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "EU Blue Card (NL) — required amounts 2026 (change every 1 January)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "the lower salary for a recent graduate",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "qualification",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "degree",
                      "short_reason": "a university degree"
                    },
                    {
                      "op": "any",
                      "label": "where you studied",
                      "short_reason": "a degree from the last 3 years, from a Dutch institution or from one the Dutch immigration service designates",
                      "paths": [
                        {
                          "label": "a Dutch university or research institution",
                          "criteria": [
                            {
                              "field": "nl_recent_grad",
                              "op": "eq",
                              "value": "yes"
                            }
                          ]
                        },
                        {
                          "label": "a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates",
                          "criteria": [
                            {
                              "field": "top200_grad",
                              "op": "eq",
                              "value": "yes"
                            }
                          ]
                        }
                      ],
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "The highly skilled migrant has never had a residence permit for an orientation year for highly educated persons, but does meet the requirements for that residence purpose.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02"
                      }
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "lower Blue Card amount for a recent graduate, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 4754,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Reduced salary criterion European Blue Card € 4,754.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "EU Blue Card (NL) — reduced required amount 2026 (change every 1 January)",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "reduced-also-on-extension-or-employer-change",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The lower salary can also apply if you extend this permit, or change employer, within three years of graduating — cases the questions above do not cover.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                "quote": "The lower salary criterion may also apply if you extend the residence permit or change your employer within 3 years after graduation or promotion.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-02",
                "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, required amounts — the reduced European Blue Card rows (read from the watched snapshot of 2026-09-02)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "employment-contract-valid-for-six-months",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "An employment contract that runs for at least six months",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                "quote": "Your employment contract is valid for at least 6 months.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "permission-to-practise-a-regulated-profession",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If your profession is regulated, you must be authorised to practise it in the Netherlands, and in individual healthcare you must be in the BIG register of healthcare professions",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                "quote": "Do you have a regulated profession, such as doctor or lawyer? Then you must demonstrate that you are allowed to practice this profession in the Netherlands. Are you going to work in individual healthcare? And do you practise a medical profession that is listed in Article 3 and Article 36a of the Individual Healthcare Professions Act (BIG Act)? If so, you must be registered in the BIG register.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "mvv-needed",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "This application needs a provisional residence permit (MVV).",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/european-blue-card-residence-permit",
                "quote": "A valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "AU",
                  "CA",
                  "JP",
                  "MC",
                  "NZ",
                  "VA",
                  "GB",
                  "US",
                  "KR",
                  "CH"
                ],
                "text": "You do not need a provisional residence permit (MVV) — the Dutch immigration service names your passport among the nationalities that need none.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/mvv-exemptions",
                  "quote": "You do not need an MVV if you have the nationality of one of these countries. Australia Canada Japan Monaco New Zealand Vatican City United Kingdom United States South Korea Switzerland An EU/EEA Member State",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, MVV exemptions — Your nationality is decisive",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "nl-ict",
          "name": "Sent by your employer abroad (intra-corporate transferee)",
          "slug": "intra-corporate-transferee",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "Your company moves you to the Netherlands as a manager, specialist or trainee. The salary has to reach the highly skilled migrant level for your age. Up to three years, or one for trainees.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; the three months already with the company outside Europe is covered by the situation question you answer, and two conditions the authority states — the manager, specialist or trainee role, and the authorisation to practise a protected profession — are listed with the rules below and never asked. The provisional residence permit this application needs is listed with the rules below too, and your passport decides whether the Dutch immigration service exempts you from it.",
            "not_asked": [
              "a-manager-specialist-or-trainee-post",
              "permission-to-practise-a-protected-profession",
              "mvv-needed"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "nl",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "ict",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
                "quote": "You have already worked for the company outside the EU, EEA or Switzerland for at least 3 months.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in the Netherlands",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Netherlands chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "transfer to the Netherlands",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "the highly skilled migrant salary for your age",
              "short_reason": "at least €5,942/month if you are 30 or older, or €4,357/month if you are under 30",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "30 or older",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "age_band",
                      "op": "in",
                      "values": [
                        "a30to35",
                        "a35to40",
                        "o40"
                      ],
                      "short_reason": "an age of 30 or older"
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "30 or older, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 5942,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Highly skilled migrants 30 years or older € 5,942.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme — required amounts 2026",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "under 30",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "age_band",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "u30",
                      "short_reason": "an age under 30"
                    },
                    {
                      "field": "salary_eur_month",
                      "op": "gte",
                      "threshold_label": "under 30, 2026",
                      "threshold": {
                        "amount": 4357,
                        "currency": "EUR",
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                        "quote": "Highly skilled migrants younger than 30 years € 4,357.00",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                        "legal_basis": "Dutch highly skilled migrant scheme — required amounts 2026",
                        "history": []
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
                "quote": "Your salary is in line with the market. The salary is in line with the market if it meets the salary criterion for highly skilled migrants.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "three-months-with-the-company-outside-the-union",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "At least three months already working for the company outside the European Union, the European Economic Area or Switzerland",
              "field": "situation",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
                "quote": "You have already worked for the company outside the EU, EEA or Switzerland for at least 3 months.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-manager-specialist-or-trainee-post",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "You must come to work in the Netherlands as a manager, specialist or trainee",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
                "quote": "You are going to work in the Netherlands as a manager, specialist or trainee.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "permission-to-practise-a-protected-profession",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If yours is a protected profession, such as doctor or architect, you must be authorised to practise it in the Netherlands",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
                "quote": "Do you have a protected profession such as a doctor or architect? If so, you must show that you are allowed to practise that profession in the Netherlands.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "mvv-needed",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "This application needs a provisional residence permit (MVV).",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/intra-corporate-transferee-residence-permit-directive-201466eu",
                "quote": "A valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "AU",
                  "CA",
                  "JP",
                  "MC",
                  "NZ",
                  "VA",
                  "GB",
                  "US",
                  "KR",
                  "CH"
                ],
                "text": "You do not need a provisional residence permit (MVV) — the Dutch immigration service names your passport among the nationalities that need none.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/mvv-exemptions",
                  "quote": "You do not need an MVV if you have the nationality of one of these countries. Australia Canada Japan Monaco New Zealand Vatican City United Kingdom United States South Korea Switzerland An EU/EEA Member State",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, MVV exemptions — Your nationality is decisive",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "nl-researcher",
          "name": "Researcher (Directive (EU) 2016/801)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "A contract or hosting agreement with a Dutch research institution the immigration service (IND) recognises as a sponsor. Up to five years.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-researcher-directive-eu-2016801",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Every rule that decides this route is a question you answer; two conditions the authority states — a research institute on the recognised-sponsor register, and a degree giving access to a doctoral programme — are listed with the rules below and never asked, and the grant or own funds that can stand in for a salary are not asked about either. The provisional residence permit this application needs is listed with the rules below too, and your passport decides both whether the Dutch immigration service exempts you from it and whether the recognised-sponsor condition applies to the institute at all.",
            "not_asked": [
              "other-income-can-meet-this",
              "the-institute-must-be-a-recognised-sponsor",
              "a-degree-that-opens-a-doctorate",
              "mvv-needed"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "nl",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "situation",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "research",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-researcher-directive-eu-2016801",
                "quote": "You have an employment contract or a host agreement with your employer",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "located in the Netherlands",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "Netherlands chosen as destination",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "destination",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "agreement in the Netherlands",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "situation_country",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "nl"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "field": "salary_eur_month",
              "op": "gte",
              "threshold_label": "sufficient income (Jul–Dec 2026)",
              "threshold": {
                "amount": 1635.9,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements",
                "quote": "These amounts are valid from 1 July 2026 up to and including 31 December 2026. Gross SV salary per month without holiday allowance € 1,635.90",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-04",
                "legal_basis": "Researcher (Directive (EU) 2016/801) — required amounts valid 1 July – 31 December 2026",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "other-income-can-meet-this",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "If your Dutch employer pays you no salary, a grant, a stipend, money from a sponsor or enough money in your own account can meet this instead.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-researcher-directive-eu-2016801",
                "quote": "Will you not receive a salary from your Dutch employer? Then you must have other income, for example a grant, stipend or money from a sponsor. Or you have sufficient money in your bank account for the time you are in the Netherlands.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-institute-must-be-a-recognised-sponsor",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The research institute must be a sponsor the Dutch immigration service (IND) recognises, listed in the public register of recognised sponsors",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-researcher-directive-eu-2016801",
                "quote": "This research institute (hereinafter referred to as: employer) is a recognised sponsor. You can check the public register of recognised sponsors whether your employer has been recognised as a sponsor.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "TR"
                ],
                "text": "The research institute does not have to be a recognised sponsor — for employees with Turkish nationality the Dutch immigration service does not require one, and you can submit the application yourself.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/turkish-citizens-and-living-in-the-netherlands",
                  "quote": "Have you found work as a highly skilled migrant? Or work as a researcher under Directive (EU) 2016/801? Normally, only recognised sponsors can apply for these residence permits. For employees with Turkish nationality, a recognised sponsor is not required. You can also submit the application yourself.",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, Turkish citizens and living in the Netherlands — Obligatory recognised sponsor not required",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-degree-that-opens-a-doctorate",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "A higher education degree that gives access to a doctoral programme, or your employer’s declaration that you have the appropriate level",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-researcher-directive-eu-2016801",
                "quote": "You have a higher education degree. This degree gives you access to the doctoral programme. Your employer determines whether your degree is suitable. Do you not have a suitable degree? Then your employer must declare that you have the appropriate level.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "mvv-needed",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "This application needs a provisional residence permit (MVV).",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-researcher-directive-eu-2016801",
                "quote": "A valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "AU",
                  "CA",
                  "JP",
                  "MC",
                  "NZ",
                  "VA",
                  "GB",
                  "US",
                  "KR",
                  "CH"
                ],
                "text": "You do not need a provisional residence permit (MVV) — the Dutch immigration service names your passport among the nationalities that need none.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/mvv-exemptions",
                  "quote": "You do not need an MVV if you have the nationality of one of these countries. Australia Canada Japan Monaco New Zealand Vatican City United Kingdom United States South Korea Switzerland An EU/EEA Member State",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, MVV exemptions — Your nationality is decisive",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "nl-orientation-year",
          "name": "Orientation year — a year to look for work after studying (zoekjaar)",
          "slug": "orientation-year",
          "kind": "seek",
          "summary": "A one-year permit to look for work — any job, no separate work permit, and it cannot be extended. The Dutch immigration service (IND) grants it after certain studies, doctorates or research finished in the three years before you apply; its list of qualifying programmes and institutions is longer than the two cases asked about here, so read its own page before ruling yourself out. Having a job offer does not stop you applying — but with an offer the work routes may fit you directly, so compare them.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
          "scope": {
            "value": "some-conditions-stated-not-asked",
            "reason": "Of the five situations the authority lists, the two that turn on where and when you studied are asked here; three are not — research carried out in the Netherlands, an Erasmus Mundus master's, and a permit you already hold or have held — and three further conditions are listed with the rules below and never asked. The provisional residence permit this application needs is listed with the rules below too, and your passport decides whether the Dutch immigration service exempts you from it.",
            "not_asked": [
              "no-second-orientation-year",
              "turkish-citizens-differ",
              "the-research-finished-within-three-years",
              "english-where-the-institution-was-abroad",
              "mvv-needed",
              "two-of-five-situations-modelled"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [
            {
              "field": "citizenship",
              "op": "eq",
              "value": "third_country"
            },
            {
              "field": "destination",
              "op": "in",
              "values": [
                "nl",
                "all"
              ]
            },
            {
              "op": "any",
              "label": "where you studied",
              "paths": [
                {
                  "label": "a Dutch university or research institution",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "nl_recent_grad",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "yes",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                        "quote": "An accredited bachelor’s or master’s degree programme at a Dutch higher education institution.",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "a foreign institution the Dutch immigration service designates",
                  "criteria": [
                    {
                      "field": "top200_grad",
                      "op": "eq",
                      "value": "yes",
                      "source": {
                        "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                        "quote": "A master’s degree programme, a doctoral programme or a post-master’s study programme at a designated foreign educational institution",
                        "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                "quote": "You completed one of the following study programmes in the 3 years before the date of application:",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            }
          ],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "no-second-orientation-year",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "You must not have previously held an orientation year permit for the same study programme, doctorate or research.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                "quote": "You have not previously held a residence permit for an orientation year for the same research for which you are now applying. Nor have you held such a permit following the completion of the same study programme or doctoral programme.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, Residence permit for orientation year — Requirements (the page's own last-update date: 12 June 2026)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "turkish-citizens-differ",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "If you hold a Turkish passport, the Dutch immigration service says the requirements for you and your family may be different. It does not say how, so read its own page before relying on the answer above.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                "quote": "Different requirements may apply to Turkish citizens and their family members.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07",
                "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, Residence permit for orientation year — Requirements",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-research-finished-within-three-years",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The scientific research must have been carried out in the Netherlands in the three years before the date of application",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                "quote": "You have conducted scientific research in the Netherlands in the 3 years before the date of application.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "english-where-the-institution-was-abroad",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "If you studied at a foreign educational institution the Dutch immigration service (IND) designates, you must also meet one of its further requirements: a score of at least 6.0 on the IELTS English test or another accepted test, or a programme that was taught in English or Dutch",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                "quote": "If you have completed your course or programme at a designated foreign educational institution, you must also meet one of the following requirements: You obtained a minimum score of 6.0 on a test in the International English Language Testing System (IELTS).",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-07"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "mvv-needed",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "This application needs a provisional residence permit (MVV).",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-for-orientation-year",
                "quote": "A valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10"
              },
              "except": {
                "citizenship": [
                  "AU",
                  "CA",
                  "JP",
                  "MC",
                  "NZ",
                  "VA",
                  "GB",
                  "US",
                  "KR",
                  "CH"
                ],
                "text": "You do not need a provisional residence permit (MVV) — the Dutch immigration service names your passport among the nationalities that need none.",
                "source": {
                  "source_url": "https://ind.nl/en/mvv-exemptions",
                  "quote": "You do not need an MVV if you have the nationality of one of these countries. Australia Canada Japan Monaco New Zealand Vatican City United Kingdom United States South Korea Switzerland An EU/EEA Member State",
                  "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                  "legal_basis": "Dutch immigration service, MVV exemptions — Your nationality is decisive",
                  "history": []
                }
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "two-of-five-situations-modelled",
              "text": "The Dutch immigration service lists five situations that open this route. We model the two that turn on where and when you studied; the other three — research done here, an Erasmus Mundus master, a permit you already held — are not asked about anywhere on this site."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "nl-gvva",
          "name": "Single permit for paid employment (GVVA)",
          "kind": "res-work",
          "summary": "One permit combining residence and work, for ordinary paid employment in the Netherlands lasting more than 90 days. The employer normally applies, and the immigration service asks the employee insurance agency whether the work-permit conditions are met.",
          "info_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/single-permit-gvva",
          "scope": {
            "value": "rules-quoted-nothing-asked",
            "reason": "This route is not scored, and nothing below asks you anything. The statute makes the permit refusable if there is priority supply on the Dutch labour market for the job, if the vacancy was not reported to the employee insurance agency at least five weeks before the application, or if your employer cannot show enough effort to fill it from that supply — and the agency decides for itself whether the work could have been done from the EU or the wider European Economic Area. Those are facts about your employer's search and somebody else's reading of it, so we quote them, date them, and offer you no verdict.",
            "not_asked": [
              "refused-where-there-is-priority-supply",
              "your-employer-searches-europe-for-three-months",
              "the-vacancy-is-reported-five-weeks-before",
              "the-agency-decides-whether-europe-could-do-it",
              "your-employer-explains-the-selection",
              "the-four-general-conditions",
              "no-labour-law-fine-in-five-years",
              "over-ninety-days-it-is-this-permit",
              "the-highly-skilled-migrant-permit-escapes-it",
              "a-permit-that-already-allows-free-work",
              "a-search-you-cannot-see-and-cannot-declare"
            ]
          },
          "criteria": [],
          "statements": [
            {
              "id": "refused-where-there-is-priority-supply",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The permit must be refused where there is priority supply on the labour market for the job, where the vacancy was not reported to the employee insurance agency at least five weeks before the application, or where your employer cannot show sufficient effort to fill it from that supply.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0007149",
                "quote": "Onze Minister weigert een tewerkstellingsvergunning of Onze Minister van Veiligheid en Justitie weigert een gecombineerde vergunning: a. indien voor de desbetreffende arbeidsplaats prioriteitgenietend aanbod op de arbeidsmarkt aanwezig is; b. indien het een arbeidsplaats betreft waarvan de beschikbaarheid niet ten minste vijf weken voor het indienen van de aanvraag aan het Uitvoeringsinstituut werknemersverzekeringen is gemeld; c. indien de werkgever niet kan aantonen voldoende inspanningen te hebben gepleegd de arbeidsplaats door prioriteitgenietend aanbod op de arbeidsmarkt te vervullen:",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "Wet arbeid vreemdelingen, art. 8 lid 1 (consolidated text, wetten.overheid.nl)",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "your-employer-searches-europe-for-three-months",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your employer must first spend at least three months trying to find a suitable candidate in the EU, the European Economic Area or Switzerland, searching widely.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/reguliere-arbeidsplaats",
                "quote": "De werkgever moet eerst minimaal 3 maanden een geschikte kandidaat proberen te vinden in de EU/EER of Zwitserland. De werkgever zoekt uitgebreid. Denk aan internet, (internationale) uitzendbureaus en het plaatsen van advertenties.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Werkvergunning reguliere arbeidsplaats",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-vacancy-is-reported-five-weeks-before",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "The vacancy must be reported to the employee insurance agency at least five weeks before the work permit is applied for.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/reguliere-arbeidsplaats",
                "quote": "De werkgever meldt de vacature minimaal 5 weken voor de aanvraag van de werkvergunning bij UWV.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Werkvergunning reguliere arbeidsplaats",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-agency-decides-whether-europe-could-do-it",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "The employee insurance agency says plainly that it is the one that checks whether the work could be done by a worker from the EU, the European Economic Area or Switzerland.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/reguliere-arbeidsplaats",
                "quote": "Wij controleren of het werk gedaan kan worden door een werknemer uit de EU/EER of Zwitserland.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Werkvergunning reguliere arbeidsplaats",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "your-employer-explains-the-selection",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "An account your employer must send in of how the selection went: how many candidates answered, and which of the requirements each of them did and did not meet.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/reguliere-arbeidsplaats",
                "quote": "Uitleg over de selectieprocedure (hoeveel kandidaten hebben gereageerd, aan welke eisen voldeden zij wel en niet).",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Werkvergunning reguliere arbeidsplaats",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-four-general-conditions",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Four general conditions run under every work permit: you hold a valid residence permit, your employer keeps to the terms of employment, your employer has not breached labour law, and your employer arranges a safe and clean place for you to live.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/twv-voorwaarden",
                "quote": "Er zijn 4 algemene voorwaarden voor een TWV: De buitenlandse werknemer heeft een geldige verblijfsvergunning. De werkgever houdt zich aan de arbeidsvoorwaarden. De werkgever heeft de arbeidswetgeving niet overtreden. De werkgever regelt voor de buitenlandse werknemer een veilige en schone plek om te wonen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Voorwaarden tewerkstellingsvergunning",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "no-labour-law-fine-in-five-years",
              "kind": "precondition",
              "text": "Your employer must not have been fined for breaching labour law in the five years before the application.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/twv-voorwaarden",
                "quote": "De werkgever heeft in de 5 jaar voor de aanvraag geen boete gehad voor overtreding van de arbeidswetgeving.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Voorwaarden tewerkstellingsvergunning, Arbeidswetgeving",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "over-ninety-days-it-is-this-permit",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Under 90 days the instrument is a work permit on its own; beyond 90 days it is this combined one.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/reguliere-arbeidsplaats",
                "quote": "De werkgever vraagt een TWV aan als de werknemer maximaal 90 dagen in Nederland werkt. Als de werknemer langer dan 90 dagen in Nederland werkt vraagt de werkgever een GVVA aan.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Werkvergunning reguliere arbeidsplaats",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "the-highly-skilled-migrant-permit-escapes-it",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "A highly skilled migrant coming to the Netherlands for more than 90 days escapes all of this: for that route the employer applies for no work permit at all.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/wanneer-geen-werkvergunning",
                "quote": "Voor een kennismigrant van buiten de EU/EER of Zwitserland die langer dan 90 dagen in Nederland komt werken, hoeft de werkgever geen werkvergunning aan te vragen.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Wanneer geen werkvergunning nodig in Nederland",
                "history": []
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "a-permit-that-already-allows-free-work",
              "kind": "caveat",
              "text": "Anyone whose Dutch residence permit already carries the note that work is freely allowed needs no work permit either.",
              "source": {
                "source_url": "https://www.uwv.nl/nl/werkvergunning/wanneer-geen-werkvergunning",
                "quote": "Werknemers met de aantekening ‘arbeid is vrij toegestaan’ hebben geen werkvergunning nodig.",
                "retrieved_at": "2026-09-10",
                "legal_basis": "UWV — Wanneer geen werkvergunning nodig in Nederland",
                "history": []
              }
            }
          ],
          "readings": [
            {
              "id": "a-search-you-cannot-see-and-cannot-declare",
              "text": "Two of the three grounds for refusing this permit are about how hard your employer looked and what the agency made of it. Neither is a fact about you, and neither is knowable before the application is filed — so there is nothing here we could put to you as a question."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}